Nejd and Hasa

The Emirate of Najd and Hasa, or the Third Saudi State, is a state that existed on the Arabian Peninsula in the first quarter of the 20th century.

emirate
Nejd and Hasa
Arab. إمارة نجد والأحساء
Flag
← → 1902 - 1921
Capital	Riyadh
Languages)	Arabic, Persian, Ottoman
Religion	Islam
Form of government	absolute monarchy
Dynasty	Saudis

By the 1890s, the Second Saudi State collapsed, and most of its lands came under the control of the emirate of Jebel Shammar .

In 1902, a descendant of Saudi rulers Abdul-Aziz turned to the emir of Kuwait for help in organizing a raid on Jebel Shammar. Since the emir was in conflict with the Rashidids who ruled in Jebel Shammar, he provided people and weapons. As a result of a daring raid, Abdul-Aziz with a small number of people was able to capture the Saudi city of Riyadh , and proclaimed himself the new emir of the Saudi state.

The next few years were marked by the struggle between the Saudids and Rashidids, as a result of which the al-Qasim region came under the control of Abdul-Aziz. In 1913, taking advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman forces in the region, he captured Al-Has and El Katif .

During World War I, the British made contact with Abdul-Aziz through their agent William Shakespeare , thanks to whom the Darin Treaty was signed in 1915, according to which Abdul-Aziz pledged not to attack the British-protected states on the shores of the Persian Gulf, but in return they guaranteed him a protectorate of Great Britain. Due to the fact that the old enemies of Abdul-Aziz - Rashidids - were faithful allies of the Ottoman Empire, Abdul-Aziz got the opportunity to fight them with English money.

However, during the war, the British negotiated not only with Abdul-Aziz, and after the war, the kingdom of Hijaz also arose on the Arab lands of the former Ottoman Empire, whose ruler Hussein ibn Ali claimed to unite the Arabs under his banner. In 1919, he moved his troops to the border areas of Nejd, but was defeated. Great Britain considered it useful to moderate the ambitions of its ally Hussein, but did not allow its defeat.

In 1921, Abdul-Aziz finally defeated Jebel Shammar and annexed his lands, proclaiming himself the Sultan of Nejd .