"Rurik" is a brig of the Russian imperial fleet , on which O. E. Kotzebue made a round-the-world expedition .
| "Rurik" | |
|---|---|
 Brig "Rurik", drawing by Ludwig Horis | |
| Service | |
 Russia | |
| Ship class and type | brig |
| Type of sailing equipment | brig |
| Manufacturer | shipyard in abo [1] |
| Author ship drawing | S. S. Razumov [1] |
| Construction started | 1814 [2] |
| Launched | May 11, 1815 [1] |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 180 tons [2] |
| Length between perpendiculars | 30 m [1] |
| Mid- width width | 7.1 m [1] |
| Draft | 2 m [1] |
| Engines | sail |
| Crew | 34 [3] |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 8 [2] |
Brig Description
Two-mast brig , built of aged pine forest, with a displacement of 180 tons . The exact size of the vessel is unknown, but based on the brig's carrying capacity, experts assume that its length was about 30 meters, width - 7.1 meters and draft of about 2 meters. The armament of the brig consisted of eight guns, and the crew consisted of 34 volunteers.
The size of the vessel was small, it worsened the conditions for life and scientific work on it, but Otto Kotzebue was pleased with the brig. In his notes, he wrote that ““ Rurik ”, having a small draft, could easily come close to the shores, and its convenient internal structure helped preserve the health of the whole crew” [1] [2] .
Service history
The brig "Rurik" was launched on May 11, 1815 . Two weeks later, the ship sailed to Revel , where part of the cargo and nautical tools ordered for the expedition of I. F. Krusenstern in England were loaded onto it [1] . The brig was built according to the drawings of the shipwright master S. S. Razumov and equipped for a round-the-world expedition at the expense of the chancellor of Count N. P. Rumyantsev [2] .
On June 30, 1815 the ship departed from Kronstadt [2] . After visiting Copenhagen and Plymouth, the brig reached the Atlantic Ocean and headed for the Drake Strait . Having visited the harbor of Santa Cruz on the island of Tenerife and the Brazilian port on the island of St. Catherine to replenish the reserves, the brig, on January 23, approached Cape Horn , where it hit a violent storm. One of the waves commander of the vessel was washed overboard, but he managed to escape, grabbing the rope [4] . Passing the storm, February 13, the brig arrived in Concepción Bay on the Chilean coast, in which the ship was preparing for a month to cross the Pacific Ocean [3] .
On the way from Chile to Kamchatka , a number of islands and atolls were discovered. So in tropical Oceania in April and May 1816, among the islands of Russians in Southern Polynesia , the inhabited island of Rumyantsev , Spiridov , Rurik , and Krusenstern were discovered. Atolls of Kutuzov and Suvorov , located in the Radak Marshall Islands chain, were discovered in Micronesia [5] .
June 19, 1816 the ship arrived in Petropavlovsk [2] .
In July of the same year, Shishmareva Bay and Sarychev Island were discovered and described, and in the first half of August , Kotzebue Bay with Escholz Bay. The expedition described the Gulf of St. Lawrence , after which the brig visited Unalashka , San Francisco Bay and the Hawaiian Islands . From January to March of the following year, the ship again visited the Marshall Islands, with the atolls of the New Year , Rumyantsev , Chichagov , Arakcheev , De Traversay and Krusenstern being located in the Radak chain .
Then "Rurik" returned to the northern part of the Bering Sea [6] , but because of the illness of the ship's commander, it was decided to return. On the way to the Philippines, the brig approached the Marshall Islands for the third time and in November 1817 the inhabited Heyden Atoll was opened [5] .
The brig returned to Kronstadt on August 3, 1818 [2] [7] . A. Ya. Bulgakov wrote in the same month to his brother in Moscow [8] :
I walked on foot and was on Rurik , standing against the house of the Chancellor on the Aglinskaya Embankment . A beautiful vessel and filled with various curious beasts and things. I saw a lovely mantle or genus of pelerine , composed of feathers of various birds. This was intended to be a gift from the King of the Sandwich Islands . I saw here a different robe of wild peoples, monkeys, wild boats and so on. There are two Aleutians here who are unconscious of the beauty of St. Petersburg. One said: “That's right, the whole world has come together.” They cannot understand how it was possible to build such a city, such houses.
After the expedition, “Rurik” was purchased from N. P. Rumyantsev by a Russian-American company and sent to Novoarkhangelsk [1] .
Brig Commanders
From 1815 to 1818, the brig "Rurik" commanded O. E. Kotzebue [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Skryagin Lev and others From the history of the navy (collection of articles from the magazine “Marine Fleet” for the years 1981-86) . litmir.net. The appeal date is October 26, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brigs of the Baltic Fleet . randewy.ru. The appeal date is October 25, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Around the World in the Brig "Rurik" and the sloop "Enterprise" (Inaccessible link) . "Primordial Rus". The appeal date is October 25, 2013. Archived October 29, 2013.
- ↑ Seafarer Otto Yevstafyevich Kotzebue (Inaccessible link) . kliper2.ru. The date of circulation is October 26, 2013. Archived October 29, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Otto Yevstafyevich Kotzebue (1787–1846) . shiphistory.ru. The appeal date is October 25, 2013.
- ↑ Henry, John Frazier, 1908. Early maritime artists of the Pacific Northwest Coast, 1741-1841 . - University of Washington Press, 1984. - p. 38. - ISBN 0295961287 , 9780295961286.
- ↑ The round-the-world expedition of Lieutenant O. E. Kotzebue began in the brig "Rurik" . “Presidential Library named after B. N. Yeltsin”. The appeal date is October 26, 2013.
- ↑ Letters from A. Ya. Bulgakov to K. Ya. Bulgakov // Russian Archive : Journal. - 1900. - № 9. - p. 123.
Literature
- Veselago F. F. List of Russian military courts from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Maritime Ministry Printing House, 1872. - 798 p.
- Chernyshev A. А. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing, 2002. - T. 2. - 480 p. - (Ships and vessels of the Russian fleet). - 5000 copies - ISBN 5-203-01789-1 .
- A. B. Shirokorad. 200 Years of the Sailing Fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: “Veche”, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .
- O. Kotzebue. Journey to the Southern Ocean and the Bering Strait to find the northeast sea passage, undertaken in 1815-1818, on the ship "Rurik" under the command of the fleet of Lieutenant Kotzebue. - 1821.