Damask rose [2] ( lat. Rósa × damascena ) - perennial shrub ; view of the Gallicanae section of the Rosehip family of the family Pink ( Rosaceae ).
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Ornamental garden plant.
Rosa × damascena has long been grown in the countries of the Middle East . There is information and the cultivation of Rosa × damascena in the gardens of the Roman Empire, re-imported to Europe from Syria in 1875.
In the past, it was assumed that the damask rose ( Rosa damascena Mill) is an ancient hybrid of Rosa gallica and Rosa canina [3] . But DNA analysis of four old varieties of damask roses ( 'York and Lancaster' , 'Kazanlik' , 'Quatre Saisons' and 'Quatre Saisons Blanc Mousseux' ) showed that they came from a common ancestor of hybrid origin, the parent species were: ( Rosa moschata × Rosa gallica ) × Rosa fedschenkoana [4] .
He is the founder of the class of old garden roses - Damask roses .
Content
Taxonomy
Botanical Description
Perennial shrub up to 1.5 m in height. The stems are thickened, branches with spikes of various types: a) strong, slightly flattened, hook-curved, usually reddish and b) bristle-like spines, occasionally scattered on flower stems.
The leaves are large, 12-15 cm long. Stipules are clearly glandular-ciliate, 3–3.5 mm wide. The main shaft is abundantly dotted with short hairs. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate, crustacean, usually bare above with single hairs, shiny, less often opaque, pubescent along the entire surface.
Inflorescences are semi-umbrella or multi-flowered panicled.
The flowers are large, 6-7 cm in diameter. Pedicels are glandular-bristly, 2.5-3 cm long. Sepals with small pinnate appendages, after flowering, are spaced apart or raised upwards. Petals from pale pink to pink.
The fruits are pear-shaped, red, usually smooth.
Blooming once in June - July [5] .
Agricultural Engineering
In the Kiev region, it winters without shelter, but partially freezes during cold and low-snow winters [5] .
Usage
Petals are used to make fragrant jam.
A variety of damask roses - the Kazanlak rose ( Rosa damascena var. Trigintipetala ) is an object of industrial cultivation as an essential oil crop ; rose oil is extracted from its petals in Bulgaria (in the past in Bessarabia , Crimea and the Caucasus ) [5] .
Dry petals are used to make “tea” [6] .
Petals or the damask rose oil itself was once added to Turkish delight .
Diseases and Pests
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Russian name of the taxon - according to the following edition:
- Schroeter A.I. , Panasyuk V.A. Dictionary of Plant Names = Dictionary of Plant Names / Int. union biol. Sciences, Nat. Biologists of Russia, Vseros. instit lek. and aromatic. plants Ros. agricultural farm. academies; Ed. prof. V.A. Bykova. - Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999 .-- S. 657. - 1033 p. - ISBN 3-87429-398-X .
- ↑ Bylov V.N., Mikhailov N.L., Surina E.I. Roses. The results of the introduction . - M .: Science, 1988.
- ↑ Hikaru Iwata, Tsuneo Kato, Susumu Ohno. Triparental origin of Damask roses // Gene. - 2000. - T. 259 , No. 1-2, 23 . - S. 53-59 . - DOI : 10.1016 / S0378-1119 (00) 00487-X .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Khrzhanovsky, 1958 .
- ↑ Annenkov, 1878 .
Literature
- Dick G.F. Damask rose (Rosa damascena L. f. Trigintipelata Dieck) // Bulletin of horticulture, horticulture and horticulture. - 1892. - No. 4 .
- Khrzhanovsky V.G. Roses. Phylogeny and taxonomy. Spontaneous views of the European part of the USSR, Crimea and the Caucasus. Experience and prospects of use / Otv. ed. Corr. Azerb. AN I. I. Karyagin. - M .: Sov. Science, 1958. - S. 173-174. - 497 p.
Links
- Rosa damascena : information about a taxon on the Tropicos website.