Spanish ( Spanish idioma español ) is the official language of Spain and the most numerous in Spain by the number of speakers. Some Spaniards and most Latin Americans call the Spanish language of the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula (the so-called " peninsulares ") "Castilian" ( castellano ) - from the medieval kingdom of Castile ( Castilla ) in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula, whose name, in turn, comes from the Latin Castellanus . In English literature, the terms European Spanish , Iberian Spanish , Peninsular Spanish are also used to refer to the Spanish language of the Iberian Peninsula.
In Spain, the main regulator of Spanish is the Royal Academy of Spanish [1] , which coordinates the work of similar academies in Spanish-speaking countries within the Association of Academies of Spanish .
Content
Number of Speakers
According to a 2006 Eurobarometer study, Castilian is considered the mother tongue of 89% of the Spanish population; Catalan - 9%, Galician - 5%, Basque - 1%; 3% (immigrants) - other languages ( English , French , etc.) [2] .
Dialects
In the Spanish language in Spain, two main groups of dialects are distinguished - northern and southern. Northern dialects include:
- Castilian
- Rioch dialect
- Aragon dialect
- Churro
- Catalan
- Galician dialect .
Southern dialects include:
- Dialect of madrid
- La Mancha dialect
- Valencian dialect
- Murcia dialect
- Extremadura dialect
- Andalusian dialect
- Canary dialect .
The differences between the dialects of Spanish in Spain are insignificant, and their speakers easily understand each other. One of the most famous differences is the similar pronunciation of the letters S and Z / C. For example, caza (“hunting”) is pronounced in the same way as casa (“house”) [3] . This feature is characteristic of the southern regions of Spain [4] [5] .
In addition, increasing the literacy of the population, the development of literature and the media are leading to more smoothing of the differences between dialects.
Notes
- ↑ Real Academia Española
- ↑ Datos de lengua materna: Cataluña (2008) , Baleares (2003) Archived January 23, 2009. , Galicia (2003) , País Vasco (2001) , Navarra (2001) y Comunidad Valenciana (2007) .
- ↑ ingentaconnect What did sociolinguistics ever do for language history ?: The cont
- ↑ http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/300004.pdf
- ↑ Episcopal Conferences: Historical, Canonical, and Theological Studies - Google Books
Literature
- Shishmaryov V.F. Essays on the history of the languages of Spain. - 2nd ed. - M .: URSS editorial, 2002 .-- 344 p. - (History of the languages of the peoples of Europe).
- Cano, Rafael (coord.): Historia de la lengua castellana . Barcelona: Ariel Lingüística, 2005.
- Grijelmo, A .: Defensa apasionada del idioma castellano . Madrid: Grupo Santillana de Ediciones, 1998. ISBN 968-19-1132-6 .
- López García, Ángel: El rumor de los desarraigados: conflicting de lenguas en la Península Ibérica . Barcelona: Anagrama (XIII Premio Anagrama), 1985.
- Alatorre, Antonio: Los 1001 años de la lengua española . México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968166678.
Links
- Constraint interaction in Spanish / s / -aspiration: three Peninsular varieties , Richard E. Morris
- Coda obstruents and local constraint conjunction in north-central Peninsular Spanish , Richard E. Morris
- Jergas de habla hispana (Spanish)