Spanish Canary ( Spanish Español Canarias , español canario , habla canaria , or dialecto canario ) is a variant of the Spanish language used by residents of the Canary Islands . The Canary dialect is similar to the Andalusian dialect spoken in Western Andalusia and is particularly similar to the Caribbean Spanish and other Latin American dialects of the Spanish language due to the emigration of Canary Islands residents to the Caribbean and Latin America . In the Caribbean, the linguistic constructions of the Canary dialect are not regarded as alien [1] .
The penetration of the Spaniards into the Canary Islands began in the 15th century under the king of Castile and Leon Enrique III and ended under the Catholic kings . The expeditions for the conquest of the Canary Islands were sent mainly from the ports of Andalusia, and therefore the Andalusians with their own dialect prevailed on the islands. Earlier in the Canary Islands, there were Portuguese colonies, but they were eventually supplanted by the Spaniards. Before the Spanish conquest, the Canary Islands were inhabited by the Guanches , who spoke Berber dialects . After the Spanish conquest and assimilation of the Guanches, the Guanche language has almost gone out of use, only some names of plants and animals, and numerous toponyms of the island of Guanche origin remained [2] .
Content
Linguistic features
Grammar and Phonetics
- As with most Spanish dialects used outside mainland Spain , simple verbs are used instead of complex verbs, for example, hoy visité a Juan ('today I visited Juan') instead of hoy he visitado a Juan [3] [4] .
- As with most Spanish dialects outside central and northern Spain, the Canarian dialect uses the ustedes pronoun for all 2nd person plural forms (for example, ustedes Estan is used instead of vosotros Estais ). The pronoun vosotros is used only on the islands of El Hierro, La Palma and La Gomera, and mainly by the elderly.
- As with most Spanish dialects used outside of mainland Spain, the diminutive suffix - itito is used as an amplification of the diminutive suffix --ito, for example: Hacemos Una comidita, or, with amplification - comiditita; similar to Chiquito - chiquitito.
- As with most Spanish dialects used outside of mainland Spain, diminutive syllables are suppressed in some words, for example: Cochito instead of cochecito (about a small car), or florita instead of florecita.
- The main distinguishing feature of the Spanish language spoken outside the Iberian Peninsula is the similar pronunciation of the sounds "S" and "Z / C soft." For example, caza (“hunting”) is pronounced in the same way as casa (“house”) [5] . This feature is characteristic of the majority of Hispanics outside the northern three quarters of Spain [6] [7] .
- De-buccalization / S /. In some Spanish dialects and dialects / s / at the end of the syllable goes into [h] or [ ɦ ]. This feature is characteristic of Andalusia, Extremadura , Murcia (where syllables end in / s /, / θ /, / x /), the Caribbean , Veracruz , the Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela, and most Latin American countries [8] .
- / X / (indicated in the letter as <g> before / e / or / I / or <j>) is usually aspirated or as [h] , this phonetic feature is also common in Andalusia (especially in Western Andalusia), in The Caribbean, on the southern coast of Mexico, throughout Colombia, on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela, and in most other Hispanic countries of Latin America.
- The disappearance in certain expressions of the preposition “de”, as in many Spanish dialects outside the mainland of Spain, for example: casa Marta instead of casa de Marta , gofio millo instead of gofio de millo , etc.
- The digraph "ch", as in the word "chocolate", is mainly pronounced palatal explosive / C / (sometimes like ⟨ɟ⟩ in the countryside), in contrast to the deaf postalveolar affricate / tʃ / in other Spanish accents.
Vocabulary
The vocabulary of the Canary dialect experienced numerous influences, it preserved archaisms from the Castilian dialect of the times of the conquest of the Canary Islands, such as “apopar” (“flatter”). There is also the influence of vocabulary of the Guanche language , especially in toponymy . In addition, many Canarian names come from the Guanche language, such as Gara , Acerina , Beneharo , Jonay , Tanausú , Chaxiraxi , Ayoze and Yaiza .
Notes
- ↑ Faculte des arts | Faculty of arts
- ↑ Spanish Translation Services | Certified Spanish Translators
- ↑ On the biological basis of gender variation: Verbal ambiguity in Canarian Spanish | Almeida | Sociolinguistic studies
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100102133101/http://institucional.us.es/revistas/revistas/cauce/pdf/numeros/20-21/Cauce20-21(47Serrano).pdf
- ↑ ingentaconnect What did sociolinguistics ever do for language history ?: The cont
- ↑ http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/300004.pdf
- ↑ Episcopal Conferences: Historical, Canonical, and Theological Studies - Google Books
- ↑ http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/zrph.1979.95.3-4.358 (unreachable link)
Literature
- Lengua Española 1 (pag. 54), varios autores, Ed. Alhambra ( ISBN 84-205-1766-6 , ISBN 84-205-17766-6 (wrong )
- Lengua Española de COU (pag. 32), Simón Valcárcel Martínez, Ed. Tambre, SL ( ISBN 84-88681-19-4 )
- El español de Canarias hoy , varios autores, Ed. Iberoamericana ( ISBN 84-88906-54-4 )
- Estudios sobre el español de Canarias , Edita: Academia Canaria de la Lengua ( ISBN 84-96059-10-3 )
- El español de canarias en sumensión atlántica: aspectos históricos y lingüísticos , Javier Medina López, Ed. Librería Tirant lo Blanch, SL ( ISBN 84-8002-950-1 )
- Tesoro lexicográfico del español de Canarias , varios autores, Edita: Viceconsejería de Cultura y Deportes ( ISBN 84-7947-080-1 )
- Diccionario de canarismos , varios autores; Edita: Francisco Lemus Editor ( ISBN 84-87973-08-6 )
- Gran diccionario del habla canaria , Alfonso Oshanahan Roca, Edita: Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria ( ISBN 84-7926-169-2 ).
- Diccionario histórico-etimológico del habla canaria , Marcial Morera Pérez, Edita: Viceconsejería de Cultura y Deportes ( ISBN 84-7947-282-0 )
- Lengua y colonia en Canarias , Marcial Morera Pérez, Edita: Globo ( ISBN 84-404-6280-8 )
- En defensa del habla canaria , Marcial Morera Pérez, Edita: Anroart Ediciones ( ISBN 84-96577-34-1 )
- Hualde, José Ignacio (2005): The sounds of Spanish , Cambridge University Press, 2005.