Lithium cell - a single non-rechargeable galvanic cell in which lithium or its compounds are used as an anode . The cathode and electrolyte of a lithium cell can have many forms, therefore, the term “lithium cell” combines a group of cells with the same anode material. It differs from other batteries with a long battery life and high cost. Depending on the selected size and the chemical materials used, a lithium battery can produce voltages from 1.5 V (compatible with alkaline cells ) to 3.7 V. Lithium batteries are widely used in modern portable electronic equipment.
History
Advantages
The advantages of lithium cells include [2] :
- less deficiency than silver and mercury;
- the ability to perform particularly flat elements (1-1.5 mm thick), allowing the production of especially flat devices, such as watches;
- the possibility of obtaining various operating voltages (1.5: 2.8; 3 and 3.5 V), which is impossible to implement in other types of galvanic cells;
- extremely low self-discharge currents and a high degree of tightness, which allows you to store lithium cells before operating for 5-7 years without violating the tightness;
- the ability to store and work in a wide range of negative and positive temperatures.
Chemical Processes
As a cathode in a lithium cell can be used:
- manganese dioxide
- carbon monofluoride
- pyrites
- thionyl chloride
other
Application
Lithium cells have found application in devices that place high demands on batteries over a long service life, such as a pacemaker and other implantable medical devices. Such devices can operate autonomously up to 15 years. The use of lithium cells in devices with a short service life is not always justified. So, a lithium cell can last longer than the children's toy for which it was purchased. The range of lithium cells is almost the same as alkaline cells - a large number of different devices, such as watches or cameras.
Sizes
Small (“tablet”) lithium cells are often used in low-power portable electronic devices (watches, calculators), as well as in computers to power volatile CMOS memory and watches.
See also
- CR-V3
Notes
- ↑ Energizer EA91 (Lithium / Iron Disulfide (Li / FeS2)) , official manufacturer's description.
- ↑ Varlamov R.G. Modern power sources. Directory. M .: DMK, 1998 .-- 192 p. ISBN 5-89818-010-9