Bor (Nizhny Novgorod region)

The city is located on the left bank of the Volga , opposite the city of Nizhny Novgorod , with which it is connected by a combined road and rail bridge (since 1965) and a passenger cable car (since February 2012).

The structure of the city includes urban settlements Big Pikino , Botalovo , Neklyudovo , Oktyabrsky , Letnevo village and Pichugino housing estate

Nearest cities: Nizhny Novgorod , Semenov , Balakhna , Dzerzhinsk , Gorodets , Kstovo . The distance to Moscow is about 450 km.

The name "Bor" comes from coniferous forests that started north of Nizhny Novgorod and were the southern tip of the northern taiga , starting in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Among the local population it is customary to say “to Bor”, and not “to Bor” or “to Bor” ^[3] .

Historical materials indicate that in ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes (in particular, the Meshchera ) lived on the banks of the Volga tributary - the Vezloma River. The ancestral home of Bora are the settlements of Vezlomskaya, Kopytovskaya and Nikolskaya. Formed at the beginning of the Volga trade route by the inhabitants of the Vezlomskaya and Kopytovskaya Slobodoks, the settlement of Nikolsko-Borovskaya (or simply Borovskaya) was transformed into the large village of Bor in the 14th century .

Residents of the villages and the village of Bor were actively engaged in crafts (carpentry and carpentry) and hunting. At all times, the inhabitants of Bor were engaged in carriage. Bor transport carried the function of the "main gate" of Nizhny Novgorod in the Volga region and vice versa.

Intensive settlement and development of Bor and the territory of the future Bor region took place at the beginning of the 17th century. In the second half of the 19th century, the industrial development of Nizhny Novgorod was not spared by the Borsk settlement either: shipbuilding was strengthened in it, stone houses and churches were built, and pine forests downstream of the Volga (Moss Mountains) became a popular holiday destination. In 1887, the population of Bor was more than 1,400 inhabitants. In the village there is one school and a hospital; several trading shops, a mill and an iron-cutting factory operated. On the outskirts of the village of Bor, about 20 forges worked. In the center was the Bazaar Square. Trade was constantly conducted here and large fairs were organized twice a year.

In Nizhny Novgorod in the second half of the 19th century the shipping company was actively developing, which also contributed to the development of the transport industry in Bor. Bor at that time was a large trading village, where felting and blacksmithing were also widely represented.

With the advent of the Soviets , during the first five years in the Borsky district, a new powerful industrial base was created, and the village became a working village . In 1923, the Krasnaya Ramen factory was established, which was engaged in the production of chains and subsequently became one of the main suppliers of its products for the whole country. In 1927, the N. Novgorod-Kotelnich railway line came into operation, connecting the Nizhny Novgorod industrial region with the Urals and Siberia , as well as the east and north of Russia. Other industries also developed - ship repair, peat-forming, logging. In 1934, a mechanized glass factory was launched for the needs of heavy industry.

November 27, 1938 the working village of Bor was transformed into a city ^[2] .

In the past, Bor stood directly on the banks of the Volga. Now, after filling the Cheboksary reservoir and changing the channel, it is about a kilometer away from the river and adjoins a huge floodplain, perfectly visible from the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (from the high bank of the Volga). In 2004 - 2005, the surrounding villages, the Letnevo village and the Pichugino housing estate were included in the city.

In 2011-2015, cottage construction in the Botalovo area was actively developing in Bor, as part of the implementation of social housing programs .

The opening of the cableway in 2012 reflects the desire of the authorities of Nizhny Novgorod to strengthen communication with their satellite. At the end of 2013, it became known that according to plans for the development of the satellite city by 2030, the city of Bor will become part of Nizhny Novgorod ^[4] . In 2017, the Second Bor Bridge was opened, which connects Nizhny Novgorod and Bor, the maximum load of the bridge is 105,000 cars per day, which partially unloaded the R-159 Nizhny Novgorod-Shakhunya- Kirov highway, but the traffic congestion in the Nizhny section is completely a problem Novgorod - Neklyudovo has not yet been decided.In 2018, the 2018 World Cup was held, and the city of Bor was chosen as the base camp of the Uruguayan national team .

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 213 place out of 1115 ^[18] cities of the Russian Federation ^[19] .

The sharp increase in population in 2005 is the result of the addition of urban-type settlements Neklyudovo, Oktyabrsky and Bolshoi Pikino ^[20] . The city of Bor is part of the Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration, numbering 2020 thousand people. (5th place in Russia). According to the administration of the urban district, about 25-30 percent of the population of Bor work in Nizhny Novgorod ^[21] .

Through the territory of the city runs the highway P159 Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov. The main traffic flows are directed to the city of Nizhny Novgorod through the Borsky bridge .

The city has the railway stations Tolokontsevo, Mokhovye Gory and Steklozavodets (cargo) and passenger platforms Neklyudovo, Druzhba, Voyenny Gorodok and Sportivnaya.

An electric train runs daily on the Mokhovaya Gory - Moskovsky Train Station (Nizhny Novgorod) route, which is especially popular among citizens in the summer due to numerous traffic jams on Borsky Bridge . At the Tolokontsevo station, all electric trains of the Vetluzh direction stop, with the exception of electric trains going to Uren , Shakhunyu and Kirov .

Until 2013, in the summer from the passenger pier to the river station of Nizhny Novgorod, the passenger ship "OM" cruised. Since 2006, ferries have been operating from the pier to the opposite shore.

Since 2008, the passenger regular river crossing Nizhny Novgorod - Bor has been operating. From one bank of the Volga to the other, passengers are delivered by an air cushion of Logoprom - Bor transport . Travel time across the river is approximately 5 minutes ^[22] . Gradually faded with the start of the cable car.

Bus passenger transportations are served by the Borsk Passenger Transport Company (Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Borskoye PAP”, serves 13 routes) and private entrepreneurs (serve 8 routes).

Since 2012, the Nizhny Novgorod cableway has been operating, providing passenger transportation between Bor and Nizhny Novgorod in addition to existing road and rail routes, as well as a river crossing ^[21] .

In 2017, the understudy of the Bor Bridge was opened. Thus, Nizhny Novgorod and Bor are now connecting three bridges (a railway, combined railway-automobile with two-lane traffic to Nizhny Novgorod and a new automobile with two-lane traffic from Nizhny Novgorod).

The volume of shipped goods of our own production, work and services performed on our own in manufacturing industries in 2010 amounted to 18.22 billion rubles.

Limited natural resources, the availability of transport routes (such as the Volga Railway and railway connections with Siberia, the Urals and the eastern regions of the country), favorable climatic conditions, and the availability of professional labor resources determined the economic structure of Bor. The leading position in it is occupied by industry, which is represented by enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, peat, timber and woodworking, light, food industries, as well as enterprises of the building materials industry.

According to the results of 2007, the main share in the structure of the real sector of the economy of the city of Bora is industry - 91.9%.

As of 01.01.2008, there were 133 organizations operating in the city’s industry, of which 34 large and medium-sized, 99 small ones. 12 thousand people are employed in this sector of the economy, it accounts for 90% of tax revenues collected in the region’s consolidated budget .

In the industrial production industry of the city of Bora, the largest volumes of shipped products are:

• AGC Bor Glass Factory (47.2% of the region’s total production),
• Bor pipe plant - 15.4%,
• Enterprise "Europe Foods" GB - 8.0%,
• The company "Berikap" - 4.2%,
• Utensils Enterprise - 4.2%,
• The company "Tubor" - 4.1%,
• Trosifol enterprise - 2.7%,
• Bor silicate plant - 2.6%,
• Bor felt factory - 1.6%,
• Plant "Nizhny Novgorod ship" - 1.5%,
• Enterprise “Lesotaraservice” - 1.3%.

According to the results of 2007, the production of the main types of industrial goods in the city as a whole is as follows:

• triplex - 1282.7 thousand square meters. m
• polished glass - 26175.7 thousand square meters. m
• Stalinite - 3168.8 thousand square meters. m
• electric-welded pipes 40128 thousand m,
• food concentrates - 8292 tons,
• plastic cork - 5616.6 tons,
• batteries - 916.99 thousand pcs.,
• glassware - 61409 thousand pcs.,
• silicate brick - 105.4 million pcs.,
• PVB film - 2339.3 thousand square meters. m
• wool - 1414 t.,
• felted shoes - 337.4 thousand pairs,
• bread and bakery products - 6078 tons

Foreign economic activity is carried out by: AGC Bor Glass Plant, Bor Pipe Plant, Nizhny Novgorod Ship . In 2008, the volume of exports of goods of enterprises of the urban district of the city of Bora amounted to 632.9 million rubles., The growth rate by 2007 was 120.8%.

100 meters from the Borskaya cable car station , the historical reconstruction park Pax Romana - Living History Park is located. The park is a collective image of the site of the Roman borderland at the turn of the 1st – 2nd centuries AD. e., with a military camp and a small town that developed from a market town at the camp.

The city has a BIA (Borsk Information Agency) ^[23] , which provides TV and radio broadcasting, newspaper production)

Radio:

• "Left Coast"

A television:

• Bor-TV (network partner - Yu)

Newspapers:

• Bor today
• "Bor's truth"
• Bor - INFO + TV

Secondary professional institutions

• Borsky Provincial College (GBOU SPO "BGK")
• Nizhny Novgorod Regional College of Culture

Universities

• Branch of the Nizhny Novgorod State University. Lobachevsky

Schools

Orthodox gymnasium in the name of the Holy Prince Prince Dimitry of Donskoy

• Secondary School No. 1
• Secondary School No. 2 ^[24]
• Secondary School No. 3
• High School No. 4 ^[25]
• Secondary school number 5
• Secondary school number 6
• Secondary school number 8
• Lyceum
• Secondary school number 10
• Secondary school number 11
• Secondary school number 12
• Primary school number 17
• Secondary school number 20
• Secondary school number 22
• October high school
• Kantaurovskaya school
• Bolshepikinskaya high school

The city has several Christian trends and Islam. There are 2 mosques, 4 Orthodox churches and one house of worship, as well as one Old Believer church ^[26] :

• St. Nicholas Church and St. Sergius Church ,
• Nikolsky Prayer House ,
• Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God ,
• Church of the Intercession ,
• Old Believer Church in honor of St. Tikhon of Amafunta

There are also communities of such Christian movements as Adventists , Baptists ( MSC ECB ), Pentecostals , and Charismatics .

There is a registered public organization of Muslims of the city ​​of Bor, which is called "Ihsan."

Taken from the publication: Nizhny Novgorod province for the study of the provincial zemstvo . Issue II: M.A. Plotnikov. Handicrafts of the Nizhny Novgorod province. - St. Petersburg, 1896.

•   Belarus : Molodechno

• Bor, village // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.

• The official website of the Bor
• List of Cultural Heritage Sites in Bor in Wikiguide