Marshak, Immanuel Samoilovich

Born February 25 ( March 10 ), 1917 in Petrograd , in the family of the poet and translator S. Ya. Marshak and Sofya Mikhailovna Marshak (nee Milvidskaya) ^[2] . He graduated from school at the age of 15, and also, ahead of his peers, at the age of 19 he received a diploma from Leningrad State University , graduating from the Faculty of Physics. ^[3]

Immediately after graduation, he entered graduate school, defended his thesis. Since 1939 he worked at the ENIN named after G.M. Krzhizhanovsky of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow. In 1941-1945 he served in the Red Army , participating in the creation of new military equipment.

Since 1946, he headed the laboratory at MELZ , which studied gas-discharge pulsed light sources. Since 1963 - scientific director of the design bureau of high-intensity light sources (KB IVIS) with pilot production in Moscow. The intellectual breakthrough made by I. S. Marshak after the war in the field of high-current electric discharges in gases owes its appearance to the Zenit Research Institute. Thanks to him, a center of domestic electronics arose in Zelenograd . ^[four]

He laid the foundations for the operation of discharge pulsed and arc xenon lamps, giving rise to the development of this class of light sources in the USSR. He overcame traditional views on the CVC behavior and showed that an arc discharge with an increasing CVC is possible, which does not require the use of ballast devices. To this I.S. Marshak came as a result of studies of high-current discharges bounded by the tube walls. Under these conditions, a quasistationary saturated discharge takes place. His main merit lies in the fact that he not only theoretically established the possibility of performing inert gases an arc of self-stabilized discharge in long tubes, but also found technical solutions for creating the first industrial designs of ballastless continuous tube lamps with a wide power range from 6 to 20 kW. ^[five]

In 1963, the book "Pulse Light Sources" was published under the general editorship of I. S. Marshak. ^{[6] [7]} His articles were published in magazines and publications “Lighting Engineering”, “Journal of Technical Physics”, “Advances in Physical Sciences”, “Advances in Scientific Photography”, “Collection of Materials on Vacuum Engineering”, “Journal of society of Motion pictures and television engineers ”and others.

Under the direction of I. S. Marshak, “Sirius” flash lamps and “cold” xenon lamps were created. “There is no doubt that Immanuel Samoilovich Marshak, due to his large-scale scientific and production activities in the field of high-intensity light sources, should be attributed to the outstanding representatives of domestic lighting engineering.” ^[eight]

In the last years of his life, I. S. Marshak was practically forbidden to engage in science, without which he could not imagine his existence. The scientist was deprived of the opportunity to lead the research institute created by him, to select personnel in it. The then leaders of the Soviet military-industrial complex, a talented physicist was already unnecessary. ^[four]

He lived in Moscow on Novopeschanaya street ^[3] . He died on June 27, 1977 . He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot number 2) ^[9] The obituary, written by a group of comrades on the death of a scientist, said: "Immanuel Samoilovich Marshak had extraordinary sensitivity and responsiveness, was always caring and attentive to the people around him ...". ^[ten]

Family

• father - Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887-1964), Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator, literary critic.
• mother - Sofia Mikhailovna Marshak (Milvidskaya) (1889-1953).
• Sister Nathanael (born 1914-1915 in England), died in infancy.
• brother Jacob (1925-1946), died of tuberculosis.
• Aunt - Lia Yakovlevna Preis (1901-1964), writer, known under the pseudonym Elena Ilyina .
• uncle - Ilya Yakovlevich Marshak (literary pseudonym M. Ilyin ; 1896-1953), writer, one of the founders of Soviet popular science literature for children.
• first wife - Tatyana Alekseevna Speranskaya.
  • son - Alexei Immanuelevich Speransky-Marshak (born December 11, 1937), since 1989 in Israel .
• the second wife is Maria Andreevna Marshak (nee Lyapunova, born 1920).
  • son - Yakov Immanuevich Marshak (born 1946), narcologist, founder of the Marshak Clinic, chairman of the Foundation for a World Without Drugs.
  • son - Alexander Immanuevich Marshak , children's writer.

• The Stalin Prize of the third degree (1947) - for the development of a new method of aerial photography ^[11] .

Composed music and poems ^[12] S. Ya. Marshak spoke of his son “Very capable! Laureate Laureatovich! During the day he is a physicist, and in the evenings and at night - a writer ” ^[13] . Translated Jane Austen’s novels into Russian. The first edition of his translations in the series “Literary Monuments” is preceded by an article by a translator. I. S. Marshak talks about the fact that the reason for writing the translation was a list of US S. Maugham "10 best novels of world literature." Nine of them at that time were known to Russian readers, the tenth was “ Pride and Prejudice ” by the English writer Jane Austen. The translation of the first chapters of the novel was edited by S. Ya. Marshak, he also gave his son faith in his own strength. ^[14] The author of the translation of the novel by J. Austin “ Northanger Abbey ” is also I. S. Marshak.

Immanuel Samoilovich Marshak loved his father and was devotedly devoted to him, sought to surround him with maximum care, attention, to provide him with the necessary assistance in all his life matters, first of all, such as protecting his health (Samuel Yakovlevich was often ill, and these diseases put a heavy burden on his life). He took out inaccessible medicines for his father and thereby prolonged his life. ^[15]

Already after the death of Samuil Yakovlevich in 1964, Immanuel Samoilovich Marshak made great efforts to preserve and publish the poet’s creative heritage. Without his personal efforts, tireless, purposeful work, it would be impossible to publish in the late 60s and early 70s the eight-volume Collected Works of Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak, many individual publications of his literary translations, lyric poems, and dramatic works. His great efforts were also demanded by putting the writer's archive in the necessary order ^[16] .

He was the executive secretary of the Commission on Literary Heritage S. Ya. Marshak ^[12] , was engaged in the publication of his works. And living in their apartment on Chkalovskaya Street, he became the actual caretaker of the poet’s memorial. He kept everything in the apartment in the same way as during the life of his father ^[4] .

The author of the article “My boy, I give you this song” in the book of memoirs about S. Ya. Marshak “I thought, I felt, I lived” ^[17] .

Geyser M. M. begins his book about S. Ya. Marshak ^[18] with the words "I am infinitely grateful to Immanuel Samoilovich Marshak - without his participation this book would not exist at all or it would be completely different."

At the age of 54, I. S. Marshak was a consultant to the painting “Twelve Months” (1972). It was thanks to his efforts that the audience saw the film. He put a lot of effort into the film, shot based on the work of his father, was released. Liana Zhvania - the performer of the role of the queen, was a protege of I. S. Marshak. ^[nineteen]