Tyumen

In the “ Russian genealogy book ” of the genealogy of Prince A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, the Tyumen clan was mistakenly assigned to the Siberian Tyumen Tatars ^[1] , the ESB reports that the origin of this genus is not known at all ^[2] . However, according to the study of a prominent Caucasian scholar E. N. Kusheva , the Agishevich brothers from North Caucasus Tyumen are the same Tyumen brothers who appeared in Moscow in the service of Ivan IV in the middle of the 16th century and founded the Tyumen clan ^[3] .

During the reign of Ivan IV , after the seizure of the Astrakhan Khanate by the Russian kingdom ( 1556 ), along with the rulers of nearby Muslim countries, it began to establish ties with the Russian administration and know the Tyumen possession. Since 1558 ^{[1] the} Tyumen Murza Mamay Agishev was in the service of the Russian Tsar. He and his brother, Roman Agishev (the Turkic name is not known), were nephews of the ruler of the Tyumen possessions. In 1559 ( 1560 ?) ^{[~ 1]} Mamai persistently sought the Tyumen throne - he traveled from Tyumen to Astrakhan and tried to enlist military help there against his uncle. We know the letter from December of the same year of the Astrakhan governor Ivan Vyrodkov , who reported these events to the tsar: “The Tyumen Mamai-Myrza Agishov, prince , had to give the tsar to the tsar, to grant him tsar, gave his uncle to the Tyumen prince and made him in Tyumen; and he is a servant of the sovereign, relentless all the time ” ^{[~ 2]} . The development of these events in the annals is not covered, but it is known that Mamai Agishev could not seize power. Probably, Roman Agishev actively participated with his brother in an attempted coup, and subsequently they left for Moscow where they were baptized: “ Under the Tsar, Tsar ... Ivan Vasilievich ... they came to serve ... Tymenskiye. And their sovereign granted them, ordered them to serve themselves , and ordered them to be baptized, and in baptism they had the name: Prince Roman and Prince Vasily [Roman and Vasily Agishevichi Tyumen] ” ^{[~ 3]} . Subsequently, the brothers held positions in the military and administrative service in the Russian Empire ^{[4] [5]} .

At the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries, about 70 names were distinguished in the Russian Empire, which modern scholars consider as aristocratic . Among them, the Tyumen clan is also mentioned, which belongs to a separate conditional group of the Russian nobility - which switched over to the Russian service of foreign nobility. This group stood very high in official- ministerial relations and, in addition to the Tyumen ones, included such surnames as the princes Cherkassky , Sheydyakov , Urusov , Suleshov , “voivodships” Voloshsky , Mutyansky , Selunsky ^[6] .

In the hierarchy of the Russian royal court, representatives of the Tyumen clan belonged to the so-called serving princes ^{[7] [8]} . By the end of the 16th century, the position of the aristocracy included in this corporation had changed - serving princes and princes had disappeared from the boyar lists, now they weren’t particularly distinguished from the Moscow nobles ^[9] . According to the study of the historian A.P. Pavlov (analysis based on various boyar lists, murals of the Russian army in 1604 and other sources), in total, from 1588/89 to 1605, 246 people served in the rank of Moscow nobleman, among whom he names princes Tyumen - Vasily and Roman Agishevich ^[10] . It is known that representatives of the Tyumen clan held various military posts: the Streletsky head (Roman Agishevich) ^[11] , the voivode (Vasily and Roman Agishevichi) ^{[12] [13]} ; in the palace service: Moscow rank - a tenant (Andrei Romanovich) ^[14] , solicitor with a dress (Andrei Romanovich) ^[15] and the duma’s rank - okolnichy (Vasily and Roman Agishevichi) ^[16] .

At the end of the XVI century, the Tyumen, like all representatives of the traveling foreign nobility, did not possess real destinies and special sovereign rights. During this period they acted as ordinary landowners and patrimonials , and the land was granted to them mainly on local law ^[17] .

In the “Russian Genealogy Book” by A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, there is evidence that in 1616 Prince Vasily Agishevich Tyumen, together with his nephew, Prince Andrei Romanovich, owned estates of the Tomos volost of the Resurrection third (later the Vologda province ) ^[18] . Also, the manuscript department of the Russian State Library contains information about the estate of Prince Andrei Romanovich in Moscow County ^[19] .

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