The Marxman rifle ( Designated Marksman Rifle, DMR ) is an infantry sniper (“Marxman”) weapon that occupies an intermediate position between conventional small arms and heavy, high-precision non-automatic sniper rifles with a longitudinally sliding, rotary bolt , under ammunition of increased power.
Designed to solve the problems of fire support units in the offensive at small and medium distances. In Russia, the SVD rifle occupies this place in the small arms system of the Republic of Armenia. Another name, common, mainly in the European countries of NATO, is “tactical support weapon” .
These rifles are more effective in comparison with machine guns because of higher accuracy, accuracy and the probability of hitting a typical target per unit of time at a distance exceeding the effective range of the machine gun (within 500 meters). At the same time, due to its low weight (4-5 kg), unlike heavy large-caliber sniper rifles (8-12 kg) for cartridges of the 12.7x99 Browning / 12.7x108 DShK type and PTR for 14.5-20 mm, designed for firing from equipped fire positions at long ranges (up to 1000 m and beyond), allow you to quickly change the firing position, if necessary, fire from your hands, from unstable positions, on the move, supporting your unit with fire.
Usually equipped with bipods and a telescopic sight of low magnification (4-6x). Unlike counter-sniper rifles with a longitudinally sliding bolt, Marxman rifles are, as a rule, self-loading and have a large magazine capacity - 10, 20 or 30 rounds, depending on the type of rifle.
Some of these rifles have an automatic firing mode, which is designed for close combat (sniper self-defense). Of course, it cannot be used to hit targets at long distances due to the small capacity of the store and low accuracy when firing bursts due to the small mass of weapons.
Content
- 1 Marxman rifle compared to sniper and assault rifles
- 1.1 Sights
- 1.2 Trunk
- 1.3 Ammo
- 2 Examples
- 3 notes
Marxman Rifle vs. Sniper and Assault Rifles
Most Marxman rifles are based on assault rifles used by the military. As a rule, these are self-loading or automatic rifles that fire 7.62 × 51 mm NATO rounds or similar ammunition in power. Classic examples: M14 , FN FAL , AR-10 and Heckler & Koch G3 . These rifles were largely replaced by NATO 5.56 × 45 mm assault rifles in the 1970s and 1980s. Some countries developed Marxman rifles from scratch .
Sights
All Marxman rifles have riflescopes with a larger magnification than standard assault rifles. For example, the SDM-R used in the U.S. Army is equipped with the Trijicon ACOG with a four-fold increase, while the Aimpoint CompM2 or Aimpoint CompM4 is mounted on the M4 carbine. Sometimes the scope is the only difference from a standard rifle, as can be seen in the Australian F88S DMR . Sniper rifles often have an even larger increase, for example, the M110 SASS, which is in the arsenal of the American army, is equipped with a Leupold sight with a 3.5-10x zoom. However, some Marxman rifles, such as the Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle or SAM-R, are equipped with sights with a similar magnification. .
Trunk
In some cases, a Marxman rifle has a longer barrel than a standard assault rifle. However, the barrel of the Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle used as a Marxman rifle is even two inches (5.08 cm) shorter than the barrel of a standard M16 rifle. Other rifles, such as the F88S Austeyr, have a barrel of the same length as a standard progenitor rifle.
Most sniper rifles, such as Arctic Warfare , have a barrel length of 24 inches (60.96 cm) or more. Only SVD and similar Marxman rifles have a barrel of similar length. Marxman rifles based on M14 have a barrel length of 18-22 inches (45.72-55.88 cm) .
Ammo
In most cases, Marxman rifles use standard rifle cartridges . 5.56 mm American Marxman rifles use special cartridges of the type Mk 262 Mod 0/1, which increase the range to about 700 meters. In the army of Germany, Israel, the USA, China, and the Russian Federation, Marxmanns (infantry snipers) can also receive special sniper variants of a rifle cartridge (7.62, 7.92, 30-06, etc.) differing in increased accuracy in comparison with gross ones.
Examples
- Australia :
- F88S Austeyr - 5.56 × 45 mm caliber and extended optical sight. Issued to one shooter per compartment [1] .
- Based on AR-15 :
- SR-25 - chambered for 7.62 × 51 mm NATO ; [2] [3]
- HK417 - sniper version of the HK417 assault rifle chambered for 7.62 mm [4] . Used instead of the F88S in Afghanistan.
- Mk 14 EBR - in limited use [5] .
- Austria : Steyr AUG HBAR-T (5.56 × 45 mm) - A version of the Steyr AUG with a longer and heavier barrel and a 6x scope.
- Great Britain :
- L129A1 (7.62 × 51 mm) has an SR-25 barrel and ACOG sights with 6x magnification, was developed by Lewis Machine and Tool Company for operations in Afghanistan;
- L86A2 LSW (5.56 × 45 mm).
- Germany :
- G3A3ZF-DMR (7.62 × 51 mm) - is a modified version of the HK G3 ;
- HK417 (7.62 × 51 mm). [6] [7] [8]
- Israel :
- The Israel Defense Forces previously used the Galatz (7.62 × 51 mm) as a Marxman rifle. Galatz is a variant of the Galil assault rifle.
- The M4A1 (5.56 × 45 mm) is used as a Marxman rifle, equipped with optional Harris bipods and the Trijicon ACOG riflescope.
- STAR-21 Tavor is a variant of the TAR-21 assault rifle. [9]
- India :
- SVD (7.62 × 54 mm R);
- Various versions of the INSAS family of rifles adapted to the tasks of the Marxman rifle;
- IMI Tavor TAR-21 and IMI Galil - used by Indian special forces as Marxman rifles.
- Iraq : Tabuk ( 7.62 × 39 mm ) - based on the Yugoslav machine gun Zastava M70 . There are even "tuned" samples from the Second World War (STG-44, SKS, etc.).
- Canada : Canadian forces use the C7CT and C8CT rifles, based on the C7 and C8 rifles, respectively [10] .
- China : QBU-88 ( 5.8 × 42 mm ) - self-loading rifle for firing at distances exceeding the aiming range of a standard machine gun.
- Norway : HK417 (7.62 × 51 mm). [eleven]
- Portugal : HK G3 (7.62 × 51 mm).
- Russia :
- SVD ( 7.62 × 54 mm R ) - the Dragunov sniper rifle became the first modern-type Marxman rifle;
- SVDS (7.62 × 54 mm R) - folding option SVD for the airborne troops;
- VCA (7.62 × 54 mm R) - a shortened version of the SVD with a bullpup system.
- Ukraine :
- The most different types of rifles from different eras for ammunition (7.62 × 54 mm R); (7.62 × 51 mm), (7.62 × 63 mm), better known as 30-06, also (7.92 × 57 mm). Many of the samples used are converted from non-military, originally sports and hunting samples, or sometimes even old non-automatic rifles and carbines of the times of the First and Second World Wars (Mosin, Mauser, Manlicher rifles, etc.).
Since 2014, the following samples have been used mainly:
- SIDS (7.62 × 54 mm R).
- Mauser, Manlicher and Mosin rifles of various options and their "tuned" versions.
- Samples under .308 and .30-06, mainly derived from samples of the Garand and M14 type ), as well as samples from Heckler & Koch.
- Semi-automatic rifles HK417 under (7.62 × 51 mm) and their sports and hunting options under .270 and .243.
- Many variants of Marxman rifles for ammunition .223 (5.56 × 45), derived from AR-15 or M16.
- Romania : PSL (7.62 × 54 mm R) is a PKK -based rifle that looks similar to SVD, although rifles have little in common with each other.
- Serbia : Outpost M91 (7.62 × 54 mm R) - a rifle based on a Kalashnikov assault rifle.
- USA :
- FN SCAR SSR Mk.20 Mod.0 - self-loading sniper rifle, adopted in 2010 by the US Special Operations Command (US SOCOM).
- Marxman rifles based on the M14 :
- Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle (7.62 × 51 mm) - used by the army and SEAL ;
- M14SE Crazy Horse (7.62 × 51 mm) - used in the 101st Airborne Division and the 2nd Infantry Division of the US Army; [12]
- M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle (7.62 × 51 mm) - used by the United States Marine Corps , replacing the United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle [13] . Since 2012, replaced by the M110 SASS ; [fourteen]
- Marxman rifles based on the M16 and AR-10 :
- SDM-R (5.56 × 45 mm) - used by the army in limited quantities;
- SAM-R (5.56 × 45 mm) - used by the Marine Corps, replacing the Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle ;
- Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle (5.56 × 45 mm) - used by SEAL and rangers;
- HK416 A5 with a barrel length of 505 mm;
- SR-25 (7.62 × 51 mm) - used by the Marine Corps, SEAL and the army;
- Colt Model 655 and 656 - the predecessor of Marxan rifles based on the M16;
- M110 SASS (7.62 × 51 mm) - used by the army and the ILC.
- R11 RSASS (7.62 × 51 mm)
- Finland : Valmet M-78 / 83S (7.62 × 51 mm) - Marxman rifle based on Valmet M-78
- Philippines : Marine Scout Sniper Rifle - a Marxan rifle derived from the M16.
- France : FAMAS G2 Sniper (5.56 × 45 mm).
- Chile : FD-200 (7.62 × 51 mm) - is a variant of SIG 542 .
- Yugoslavia : M76 outpost ( 7.92 × 57 mm ) - a rifle based on a Kalashnikov assault rifle.
- Japan : Type 64 (7.62 × 51 mm).
Notes
- ↑ Muir, Tom . Land Force: Army's broad fire capabilities key to mission success | ADM Feb 2010 (February 1, 2010). Archived July 6, 2011. Date of treatment June 9, 2011.
- ↑ Wellfare, John . Shooting for modern combat (April 14, 2011). Date of treatment June 9, 2011.
- ↑ Pratt, Anthony. COMBAT SHOOTING, A NEW PERSPECTIVE (unopened) // Australian Army Journal.
- ↑ Contract Notice View - CN352591 . AusTender Australian Government (December 14, 2010). Date of treatment January 30, 2011.
- ↑ Hetherington, Andrew . Extreme Peril (February 3, 2011). Date of treatment June 9, 2011.
- ↑ H&K 417 CALIBER 7.62 × 51 mm NATO | Operacional
- ↑ hk in albania - YouTube
- ↑ Front page - Mil.no (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Israel Weapon Industries (IWI) Ltd, Home
- ↑ ア ー カ イ ブ さ れ た コ ピ ー . Date of treatment December 25, 2010. Archived on July 8, 2011.
- ↑ HK417 - skarpskyttergevær - Forsvaret.no Archived on September 26, 2013.
- ↑ Kokalis, Peter. M14 reborn: Crazy Horse and the Romanian Option (English) // Shotgun News : magazine. - 2005. - Vol. 50 , no. 12 . - P. 20-22, 24, 26 .
- ↑ M39 Enhanced Marksmanship Rifle | US Special Operations | Weapons
- ↑ Lamothe, Dan Corps fielding new semi-automatic sniper rifle . Marine Corps Times (March 17, 2011). Date of treatment March 18, 2011. Archived July 14, 2011.