Repairs

Repair is made in case it is impossible or impractical to replace products with similar new ones. Often, products become obsolete morally much earlier than their resource is developed before repair, or the cost of producing products in non-repairable design is significantly less - in these cases, manufacturers try to switch to production of products in non-repairable design. Typical examples are single-chip computers , non-separable devices, etc.

• Cosmetic - restoration of the appearance without interfering with the structure (the common name for the current repair).
• Recovery (Medium) - usually made with the replacement of parts of the device, subjected to wear, or with their modification ( welding , boring, soldering , etc.)
• Ongoing - repairs to restore the health (performance), as well as maintain performance.
• Capital - involves the disassembly and revision of the structure in order to identify hidden faults and assess the life of parts, replacing not only defective parts, but also parts that have become exhausted. Such repair involves a large amount of work and significant costs.
• Planned ( scheduled-preventive ) - repair in the time period planned by the regulation. It is made after the device produces a resource, or if the device’s performance after a malfunction is partially preserved, or partially restored as a result of reconditioning. Allows you to notify users in advance about the termination of operation, as well as plan the costs associated with equipment downtime.

According to generally accepted standards, there are several types of repair work in houses, buildings and structures.

Overhaul

Overhaul of the house implies a complex of works of the following type:

• Interior and exterior design;
• Transportation of necessary building materials;
• Conducting and / or repair of engineering communications;
• Interior decorating;
• In some cases, delivery and installation of furniture.

It is customary to turn to the services of a major overhaul of a home in the event of a settlement in an initially non-residential premises or with a complete change of the interior design of the premises.

Renovation

Renovation of an apartment implies a complex of works of the following type:

• Minimal interior and exterior design;
• Repair of already existing engineering communications;
• Interior finishing

The process of redecoration of residential premises is a simplified version of the overhaul and is often used to update the design and / or eliminate visual defects of the interior.

• Restoration - basically this term is used in relation to works of art. In contrast to just repair, it involves significant research work aimed at maximum preservation of the appearance, and sometimes the internal structure of works of art.
• Maintainability is the property of the structure to restore working capacity as a result of repair ^[1] , and its fitness for repair and maintenance. In some cases, maintainability has to be sacrificed for the sake of other qualities, such as size reduction.
• Maintenance - a set of operations or operation to maintain the health or health of the product when used as intended, waiting, storing and transporting. As well as repairs, may include the replacement of any parts. Unlike repair, maintenance is necessary for good and not lost their operational qualities of products.
• Renovation is the popular name for the repair of apartments, buildings and structures using materials and techniques that were practically not used in the USSR before its collapse , usually quite expensive. The term "renovation" is not fixed in the regulations - it is rather conditional. In the 1990s , it was used to determine the highest level of repair. For definiteness - under the "European-quality repair" understand the compliance of the repair work with the requirements of the building code with a level of "high quality".
• Turnkey repair - repair of residential and non-residential premises, implying the possibility of using the premises immediately after the completion of repair work. It includes the following types of work: Facing walls, floor and ceiling; installation of windows and doors; electrical, sanitary and engineering work on heating, water supply and sanitation.

In anthropology, there is the term "repair society", opposed to the "consumer society" and, as a rule, applied to Soviet society. “The Soviet thing must serve the person for a long time and devotedly; it cannot be thrown away even if it starts to lose its functional properties (no matter how you leave the wounded friend),” write E. Gerasimova and S. Chuykina. The reasons for the widest distribution of home repair practices are the traditions of pre-industrial society, low material security and other factors ^[2] . As R. M. Frumkin notes, the repair society largely retained its position in the post-Soviet period ^[3] .

• GOST 15.601-98 "System development and production of products for production. Maintenance and repair of equipment. The main provisions "
• GOST 21623-76 "System maintenance and repair of equipment. Indicators for assessing maintainability. Terms and Definitions"