Boris Apollonovich Shumakov ( 1889 , Lgov , Kursk Province - 1979 , Novocherkassk , Rostov Region ) - Soviet meliorator, founder of the scientific school of land reclamation , Hero of Socialist Labor .
Boris Apollonovich Shumakov | |||||||||||
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Date of Birth | September 25, 1889 | ||||||||||
Place of Birth | Lgov Kursk Province , Russian empire | ||||||||||
Date of death | January 6, 1979 (89 years) | ||||||||||
Place of death | Novocherkassk , Rostov region , RSFSR , USSR | ||||||||||
A country | Russian Empire → the USSR | ||||||||||
Scientific field | Hydrotechnics and Land Reclamation | ||||||||||
Alma mater | Don Polytechnic Institute | ||||||||||
Academic degree | Doctor of Technical Sciences | ||||||||||
Academic title | Professor , Academician of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences | ||||||||||
Known as | Founder of the Scientific School of Land Reclamation | ||||||||||
Awards and prizes | Soviet: Russian Empire: |
Content
Biography
Born on September 25, 1889 in the city of Lgov, Kursk Province. The father was a bailiff, the mother was a home teacher.
He graduated from the three-year preparatory school, in 1907 - the Kursk real school . In the same year he entered the Don Polytechnic Institute on the specialty "agricultural melioration". While studying at the institute showed great ability to research work in the field of land reclamation. During the holidays, he worked on irrigated lands in the Region of the Don Cossacks , visited Austria and Germany to get acquainted with the experimental reclamation stations. In 1913–1914, together with the scientist-meliorator P. A. Witte, he created the Tingutinsky experimental land-reclamation site in the Astrakhan province . The scientific foundations of the crop irrigation regime were laid here. He graduated from the institute in 1914 , receiving the first award for the graduation project.
During the First World War , in December 1914, he volunteered for the front. In November 1915, for military service, he was promoted to the warrant officer of the engineering troops , awarded two crosses of St. George and appointed a junior officer, and later an assistant engineer engineer.
In 1917 he returned to his main profession. Initially, he was a specialist in land reclamation of the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture , then he worked in the People's Commissariat of Agriculture . At various times, he was an engineer at the hydrotechnical department of land improvements, head of the third Volga survey survey party, head of the Valuisk experimental irrigation station. In 1921–1932, he was simultaneously a professor at the Don Institute of Agricultural Land Reclamation and part-time director of the North Caucasus Experimental Reclamation Station (Persianovka), chief engineer of Kraivodkhoz ( Rostov-on-Don ).
He was one of the organizers of the Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute, the creator and permanent leader of the oldest in the institute department of agricultural melioration. On May 13, 1939, by the decision of the Scientific Council of the Moscow Irrigation Institute, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences without defending a thesis. The name of B. A. Shumakov is inextricably linked with the formation and formation of domestic land reclamation. He is the founder and ideological inspirer of the Novocherkassk Scientific Land Reclamation School, which, under his leadership, made an enormous contribution to the development of land reclamation in our country, and especially in the North Caucasus. He took an active part in the development of the project and the management of high-speed national construction of the Nevinnomyssky canal. He was the general consultant of the projects of the largest water complexes: Kuban, Stavropol, Terek-Kumskaya and Kumo-Manychskaya watering and irrigation systems. He proposed a new method of irrigation in the furrows-slots, which facilitates the work of irrigators and doubles the productivity of labor in irrigation. For use in anhydrous areas of the Trans-Volga and Western Caspian regions, he developed an effective irrigation irrigation system using not only local runoff, but also the waters of the Volga and Terek rivers with their supply through canals and distribution over low-level tiers.
Shumakov is the pioneer of rice cultivation in the North Caucasus. Under his leadership, the first experimental rice crops were carried out and the construction of large rice irrigation systems in the Kuban began, the Kuban experimental melioration station was organized. Much attention was paid to the development of methods of rice cultivation with periodic watering. They have developed new promising varieties of rice - Volga-Donskoy, Bely SKOMS and Bury SKOMS. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 6, 1969, for his great services in the development of science in the field of land reclamation, many years of pedagogical work in training agricultural specialists and in connection with the eightieth birthday of Boris Apollonovich Shumakov, he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the gold medals "Hammer and Sickle".
Author of about 200 scientific papers, including 29 books and brochures, of which 7 monographs . A number of works published abroad.
He lived and worked in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov region . The son is an academician of the RAAS B. B. Shumakov (1933–1997).
He died on January 6, 1979 .
Awards and titles
- He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (1966, 1969), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1957), three Orders of the Badge of Honor (1949, 1952, 1961), and USSR medals; as well as the small gold medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1958) and the gold medal named after Academician A. N. Kostyakov (1974).
- Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1960).
- Corresponding member of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1956), full member (1964).
Memory
- Memorial plaques in honor of B. A. Shumakov are installed on the buildings of the Novocherkassk State Land Reclamation Academy and the Southern Scientific Research Institute of Hydrology and Melioration.
- In the name of Boris Apollonovich Shumakov, a street in the city of Novocherkassk was named, on which he lived.
- In Novocherkassk State Land Reclamation Academy held "Shumakov readings". [one]
Sources
Notes
Links
- Shumakov, Boris Apollonovich . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- Shumakov Boris Apollonovich