The Northern Combat Flying Squad or the Flying Combat Squad of the Northern Region ( abbr. LBO SB RPS) is a terrorist group organized by the Social Revolutionary Albert Trauberg in 1906. The group was also known by the party nickname of its founder, Carl Squad.
| Flying squad of the Northern Region Party of Socialist Revolutionaries | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Northern Combat Flying Squad, LBO SB PSR, Karl Squad |
| Ideology | revolutionary terror |
| The leaders | Albert Trauberg , then Vsevolod Lebedintsev |
| Headquarters | Finland |
| Active in |  Russian empire |
| Date of formation | 1906 |
| Dissolution date | 1908 |
| Allies | Party of Socialist Revolutionaries |
| Opponents | law enforcement officials senior officials |
| Conflict Engagement | revolutionary terrorism in the Russian Empire |
From the memoirs of A.V. Gerasimov :
The most dangerous among them was the group of the Northern Flying Combat Squad, which arose in the fall of 1906 and has already committed a number of terrorist attacks. I asked Azef about her, but he informed me that she was not subordinate to the Central Committee of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, but that she maintained contacts with local committees at her own risk and that it was very difficult for him, Azef, to collect information about her, as this may lead to suspicion on him. - Gerasimov, “ On the Blade with the Terrorists ”, 1985
The members of the squad committed the murders of the prosecutor Pavlov , Major General George Min and the head of the Main Prison Directorate A. Maximovsky .
Content
Squad History
The Party of Socialist Revolutionaries included small groups of fighting squads, flying combat units, as well as individuals who committed political killings. Often their actions did not even require leadership from the center, since many decisions were made on their own initiative. In this case, members of local terrorist groups did not show that devotion to the principles of the AKP, which immediately caught my eye.
In St. Petersburg, the Northern Flying Squad, which was formed in 1906, was most active. He did not submit to the Central Committee, as was the case with the Combat Organization . Most often, he was led by the St. Petersburg party committee. An important point is that over eighty percent of the militants from the Northern combat flying detachment were not even considered official members of the AKP. They joined the detachment for various reasons, in the list of which one could see both an excess of youthful revolutionary enthusiasm and a desire for revenge for personal reasons.
The detachment was led by a Latvian national, Albert Trauberg , nicknamed “Karl”. His persistence and courage was widely known, because of which even Azef warned his police chiefs: "As long as this person is alive, you cannot sleep peacefully."
Famous Members
| Name | Years of life | Activities and further fate |
|---|---|---|
| Baranov, Sergey Gavrilovich | 1885-1908 | Arrested in the case of attempted murder. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov . Hanged by the verdict of the military district court. |
| Egorov, Nikolay | December 26, 1906 shot the chief military prosecutor Pavlov . Executed. | |
| Konoplyannikova, Zinaida Vasilievna | 1878-1906 | On August 13, 1906, she shot and killed Major General George Mina . She was arrested on the spot and soon hanged by the verdict of the military district court. |
| Konstantinov, Peter Konstantinovich | 1885—? | Technician LBO WITH PSR. Arrested in the case of attempted murder. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. Sentenced to death, commuted to 15 years of hard labor. |
| Lebedeva, Elizaveta Nikolaevna ( Kazan, Kisya ) | 1887 October 9 — 1908 | Arrested in the case of the attempt on the Vel. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and the Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov in February 1908. When arrested, she wounded a city officer; hanged. |
| Lebedintsev, Vsevolod Vladimirovich ( Mario Calvino ) | 1881-1908 | A participant, and after the arrest of Trauberg, the head of the LBO SDP He supervised the preparation of failed attempts on the Vel. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. Arrested in this case in February 1908. Hanged. |
| Nikolaev, Afanasy Ivanovich | 1885-1908 | Arrested in the case of attempted murder. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. Sentenced to death, commuted to 15 years of hard labor. |
| Rasputina, Anna Mikhailovna | 1874-1908 | Member of the St. Petersburg "Group of People’s Volunteers" in the mid-1890s; in February 1908 she was arrested along with the rest of the LBO members. Hanged. |
| Rogozinnikova, Evstolia Pavlovna ( Teddy Bear ) | 1886-1907 | October 15, 1907 shot the head of the Main Prison Directorate A. Maximovsky . She was hanged on October 18, 1907 at Fox Nose following a verdict of the military district court. |
| Sinegub, Lev Sergeevich | 1887-1908 | Arrested in February 1908 in the case of the attempt on the Vel. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. Hanged. |
| Smirnov Alexander Filippovich (pseudonym) | 1886-1908 | Arrested in February 1908 in the case of the attempt on the Vel. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. During the arrest, he offered armed resistance and wounded an agent of the security department. Hanged. |
| Sture, Lidia Augustovna | 1884-1908 | Arrested in February 1908 in the case of the assassination attempt on Vel. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. When arrested, she offered armed resistance. Hanged by the verdict of the military district court. |
| Trauberg, Albert Davidovich ( Karl ) | 1881-1908 | The creator and first leader of the LBO, the organizer of a number of successful attacks; arrested in November 1907 at the denunciation of Azef. Hanged by the verdict of the military district court. |
| Yanchevskaya, Vera Leonidovna | 1891—? | Arrested in the case of attempted assassination. Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich and Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov. As a minor, sentenced to 5 years of hard labor. |
The defeat of the organization
The members of the LBO were issued to the security department by the leader of the Combat Organization of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, Evno Azef , who was also a secret secretary at the same time. Karl’s arrest was a very serious loss for the Northern Flying Combat Unit, but the terrorists continued to prepare for other high-profile actions. As a result of their actions, at the end of 1907 an attempt was made on the uncle of the tsar - Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich - and the Minister of Justice Shcheglovitov . The head of the St. Petersburg branch of the Okhranka, A.V. Gerasimov, could not find the members of the detachment until his agent called the name of Anna Rasputina , who had remained free at that time. As a result of her surveillance, information was received about regular meetings of her comrades in the Kazan Cathedral, where they pretended to be prayers, but actually exchanged explosives and information. Thanks to such a find, the plans of the terrorists became known to the police, and on February 7, 1908, nine members of the Northern Flying Combat Detachment were arrested. Among them was Mario Calvino ( Lebedintsev ), laden with explosives, and planning to detonate such a live bomb under Shcheglovitov’s carriage. During the detention, he shouted to the police that if he exploded, then the whole street would turn into ruins. However, the police still managed to detain him and a week later convicted him.
Seven terrorists, including Lebedintsev and Rasputin, were sentenced to death by hanging.
A.V. Gerasimov subsequently recalled:
Then the prosecutor who officially attended the execution of terrorists said to me: “How did these people die ... No sigh, no regrets, no requests, no signs of weakness ... With a smile on their lips they went to execution. These were real heroes. ”
- A.V. Gerasimov . “ On the edge with terrorists ”, 1985.
This execution served as the basis for the story of Leonid Andreev, " The Story of the Seven Hanged Men ."
Notes
Sources
- Silberstein S. Ya.V. V.V. Lebedintsev // Penal servitude and exile. 1928. No. 2 (39). S. 146-165. S. 146-157. S. 157-165.
- Commanders of the Flying Combat Unit of the Northern Region
- Kudrin A. Perm in a Stolypin tie. Part 5: Journey of dynamite from Perm to St. Petersburg. Star Online Magazine March 27, 2018