Gölterhof, Franz

He was born on March 4 (15), 1711 in Lennep (the town in the then Berg duchy , now forms part of the city of Remscheid). At the end of the gymnasium course in Zest in 1731 he entered the university in Halle , where he studied theology . In 1734 , having completed the course and received the degree of candidate of theology, he arrived in Revel as a home teacher. He studied the Estonian language for four months. In 1737 he went to the island of Ezel (now Saaremaa), where in Arensburg (now the city of Kuressaare) he was ordained a pastor , got the position of deacon and principal of the school. In 1740, in the village of Yamme on the same island , he received the place of pastor and preacher, which he held for 7 years ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

In 1747, on the charge of espionage in favor of Prussia and in relations with hernguters (the community of the Moravian Church , a trend in Lutheranism), Gelterhof was secretly arrested and put in the Peter and Paul Fortress , where he was detained for 12 years, until 1759 . Three more Moravian brothers were arrested along with him (preacher Super-Quartermaster Gutsleff, Dr. Kriegelstein and Ph.D. theologian). At first, the gernguters were imprisoned in isolation from each other, ate mainly due to alms, often were sick and starved; their situation was so dire that Gutsleff died two years later. After a few years, the detention regime became easier, and the prisoners found out about each other. Gölterhof began to receive material support through a Lutheran priest, he was allowed to meet with his wife, who came to St. Petersburg . In 1751, Dr. Kriegelstein and Franz Gölterhof were relocated together to one of the cells in the upper part of the prison. They were allowed to walk along the ramparts. Visits were also allowed, many people came to them for communication and treatment. Among the Moravian brothers who visited, there were also representatives of the Petersburg nobility. However, in 1752, as a result of the escape of one of the prisoners, the Gernguthers were returned to the lower part of the prison, where they once nearly drowned in a flood . Then, the Moravian brothers were transferred to the upper or lower part of the prison depending on the state of affairs, and sometimes they were even allowed to live in private apartments ^{[1] [2]} .

In 1759, Gölterhof (along with two other surviving hernguthers) was released from the fortress and exiled to Kazan , where he arrived in April of this year. He was engaged in private teaching of the German language, then got a place in the gymnasium there , just opened ^{[1] [3]} . During these years, G.R.Derzhavin studied at the gymnasium, who mentioned acquaintance with Gölterhof in his autobiography ^[4] . In 1762 , upon the accession to the throne of Peter III , the valet of the emperor, who was once kept in the fortress along with Gelterhof and adopted his religious convictions, contributed to his release from exile ^[3] . Golterhof, having received freedom, wanted to return to his former place on the island of Ezel, but the former parishioners wished that he would give a subscription to refuse all communication with hernguters. He did not agree to this condition ^{[3] [5]} .

At that time, Gölterhof had some influence at court and “knew the emperor”, which is evident from the fact that he promised Derzhavin to assist in his transfer from the rank-and-file of the Preobrazhensky regiment as an officer to the Holstein troops stationed in Oranienbaum , since he knew German ^[4] . However, fortunately for Derzhavin’s future career, this plan did not succeed at the time of the overthrow of Peter III ; the Transfiguration, who played a major role in the coup and accession of Catherine II , were in favor ^[6] .

At this time, Gölterhof traveled to Livonia and married a second time.

At the invitation of the then curator of Moscow University , V.E. Adodurov (Adadurov), in 1763 , Göltergoff took the place of a lecturer in German at the university’s philosophical faculty ^[3] . During this period, he established close ties with the fraternal community of Gernguters in the German colony in Sarept they founded and for some time led the Sarept Trade Representation in Moscow. In 1778 he became an extraordinary professor. In 1780 he retired and settled in Sarept ^[3] , where he was engaged in sermons and Russian language lessons for young people and children. One of his students here was the future academician I. Kh. Gamel ^[1] .

Gölterhof died on December 11 ( 23 ), 1805 at the 95th year of his life ^[3] .

The German grammar compiled by Gölterhof was considered classical, was used in Russian gymnasiums for more than half a century and withstood 10 editions from 1770 to 1829. His Russian dictionary (“Cellarius”), published in 1771 and becoming the first Russian etymological and word-formation dictionary, remains to this day an important source of lexicographic information about Russian in the second half of the 18th century; they still refer to it ^{[1] [7]} .

Major works

See also search in the RSL catalog

• Lexicon, or Cellarius, German, with Russian translation, M., 1765, 8 °.
• French Cellarius, or Useful vocabulary, from which you can easily learn the most needed French language from the French language using the registry application in the alphabet of Russian words (Le cellarius Francois ou Methode tres facile pour apprendre sans peine & en peu de tems les mots les plus necessaires de la langue Francoise avec un regitre alphabetique des motes russes ...) [Text] / F. Gelterhof. - M .: pech. at Imp. Mosk. un-te, 1769. - [10] p., 5-668 stlb., 159 p.
• German grammar, in which not only all parts of speech, or the product of words, but also the syntax or composition of words, are both explained with appropriate examples, M., 1770, 1775, 1784, 1791, 1804, 1807;
  • German grammar, in which not only all parts of speech, or product of words, but also syntax, or composition of words, are both explained with appropriate examples, in favor of Russian youth. / F. Gelterhof. - Ed. 7th, with the addition of many useful examples from the best German authors. - M.: Printing house of N. S. Vsevolzhsky, 1814. - VII, 418 p.
  • German grammar, in which not only all parts of speech, or a product of words, but also the syntax or composition of words, are both explained with appropriate examples. In favor of the Russian youth, published by a former teacher of German at the Moscow Imperial University, Mr. Holterhof. / F. Gelterhof. - 8th edition, with the addition of many useful examples from the best German authors. - M.: Printing house of N. S. Vsevolozhsky, 1817. - VI, 418 p.
  • 9th ed., M.: In the printing house of August Semyon, at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, 1825.
  • 10th ed., St. Petersburg: typ. I. Glazunov, 1829.
• Russian Cellarius, or Etymological Russian vocabulary, bought with the addition of foreign in the Russian language in the use of accepted words, also with a shortened Russian etymology = Der russische Cellarius, oder Ethmologisches Wörterbuch, ... / Gelterhof, Francis. - [M.], Printed at the Imperial Moscow University. - 1771. - [16], 656 p.
  • Russian lexicon in alphabetical order, with German and Latin translation. Russisches alphabetisches Wörterbuch, mit deutscher und lateinischer Uebersetzung. Part 1-2 / 1.-2. Theil / ans Licht gestellt von Franciscus Hölterhof. - Printed at the Imperial Moscow University, 1778. - T. 1: [8], 338 p. - T. 2: [2], S.339-942, [1].
• An abbreviated four-language dictionary, namely: in German, Latin, French and Russian, “with a preface on a short, easy and enjoyable way of teaching”, M., 1776, 8 °.

• Biographical Dictionary of professors and teachers of the Imperial Moscow University. - Part 1. - M .: 1855. - S.191-192.
• Gelterhof, Franz // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Gennadi G. N. A reference dictionary of Russian writers and scholars who died in the 18th and 19th centuries, and a list of Russian books from 1725 to 1825 - T. 1. A-E . - 1876. - S. 203.
• Friedrich Konrad Gadebusch. Livländische Bibliothek nach alphabetischer Ordnung . - JF Hartknoch, 1777.
• A. Kuryshev (Candidate of Historical Sciences). Russian prisoner, pastor, teacher / Volgogradskaya Pravda. 09/14/2011.
• Grotto J.K. Gelterhof, teacher of Dr. in the Kazan gymnasium / In the book: Works of Derzhavin with explanatory notes of J. Grot. - 1883. - T. 9. - S. 17-19.

• Gelterhof Francis (Neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment October 1, 2017.
• Old Sarepta Museum-Reserve - Scientists of Sarepta - Franz Gelterhof (here is also placed his silhouette, which was supposedly performed by French artist Abraham Luis Brandt from 1766 to 1777).