The forest of Karelia is an element of the geographical landscape, the main natural type of vegetation on the territory of the Republic of Karelia [1] .
Content
General characteristics
Forests of Karelia occupy 1.2% of the territory of the Russian Federation and constitute 1.1% of the forest fund of Russia.
Taking into account the water areas of the Karelian part of the White Sea and Lake Ladoga , forest cover makes up about 52% of the area of the Republic of Karelia, against 71% of the area of the Olonets province in 1861 [2] .
The highest forest cover in the southern regions of Karelia, along the White Sea coast is less than 40%.
Forests cover about 14.9 million hectares , of which about 65% are pine forests, spruce forests - 25%, birch forests - 10%, aspen forests - 0.5%, alder forests - less than 0.3%.
Depending on the origin, the forests of Karelia are divided into indigenous (primitive) and derivatives.
- Primary forest - forest not changed by economic activity. Pine and spruce are represented on the territory of Karelia; the average age of the stand is 160 years.
- Derived forest is a primary forest modified by economic activities, mainly logging. It is represented by pine, spruce, birch, aspen and alder.
According to the age structure, 36.5% of the total area is occupied by young stands, 23.3% - middle-aged, 7.7% - maturing forests, 32.5% - mature and overmature forests.
Forest Fund
The total area of the forest fund of Karelia is about 14.5 million hectares, including 9.4 million hectares of forest cover , non- forest land - 5.1 million hectares. In the structure of the forest fund, protective forests occupy 28.3% of the total forest area (4.1 million hectares), operational forests - 71.7% (10.4 million hectares).
Forestry
The maximum volume of workpiece recorded in 1965 and amounted to 19.3 million m³ . In 1990 - 10.8 million m³, in 1995 - 5.3 million m³, in 2012 - 5.4 million m³.
Reforestation is carried out by sowing forest seeds and planting seedlings. The total volume of reforestation fell from 71.6 thousand hectares in 1965 to 26.6 in 2006. Harvesting of forest seeds in 1965 amounted to 7.25 tons, from 2000 to 3-4 tons per year.
In 2006, in the greenhouse complexes of the Kalevalsky, Lakhdenpohsky, Kostomukshsky and Petrozavodsk forestry enterprises, 6, 3 million pine and spruce seedlings were grown.
Forest Protection
Scientific research in the field of forest protection in the Republic of Karelia is conducted by the Forest Institute of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences , established in 1957.
See also
- List of specially protected natural territories of Karelia
Notes
- ↑ Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 t. / Ch. ed. A. F. Titov. - V. 2: K - P. - Petrozavodsk: PetroPress, 2009. - P. 146-155. - 464 s. - ISBN 978-5-8430-0125-4 (v. 2)
- ↑ Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 t. / Ch. ed. A. F. Titov. - T. 2: K - P. - Petrozavodsk: PetroPress, 2009. - P. 148. - 464 p. - ISBN 978-5-8430-0125-4 (v. 2)
Literature
- Yakovlev, F. S., Voronova, VS Types of Karelian forests and their natural zoning. - Petrozavodsk: Gosizdat KASSR, 1959. - 189 p.
- TI Kishchenko, I. F. Kozlov. Forests of the Karelian ASSR // Forests of the USSR. - M., 1966. T. 1.
- Kazimirov N. I. Yelniki of Karelia. - L .: Science, 1971. - 140 p.
- Integrated use and reproduction of forest resources of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. / Ed. I. A. Glebov. - Petrozavodsk, 1985. - 180 p.
- Gromtsev, A. N. The Most Vulnerable Forests of Karelia: Characterization, Mapping, Conservation Measures. - Petrozavodsk, 2001. - 62 p.
- Red Book of Karelia . - Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 1995. - 286 p., Ill.
- Silvicultural and environmental aspects of forestry activities in the context of Karelia / Ed. V.I. Sakovets. - Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 2005. - 174 p.
- Forest complex of the Republic of Karelia / Red. E. G. Nemkovich, A. F. Kozlov. - Petrozavodsk, 2006
- State report on the state of the environment of the Republic of Karelia / Ministry of Agriculture, fish. households and ecology of Kazakhstan. - Petrozavodsk, 2007
- Volkov A.D. Types of forest of Karelia. - Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 2008. - 180 p.
- Forest resources of the taiga zone of Russia: problems of forest management and reforestation. - Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 2009. - 240 p.
- Publications. Forest Institute KarRC