Raisins ( Raisins defensive line, New line, “New construction” line [1] ) - a system of fortified lines of the Russian kingdom with a length of 530 kilometers, created in 1679-1680. to protect the Russian state from the Turkish-Tatar raids . It was located on the territory of modern Belgorod region of the Russian Federation and Kharkov region of Ukraine . Conditionally named V.P. Zagorovsky by the name of the city of Izum , located in the middle of the defensive line. The beginning of the line was at the city of Userda . The newly-built line was a branch of the Belgorod line and was part of the Belgorod category . Lost its defensive significance in the 30s of the XVIII century .
Content
History
Creation
Before the Russian kingdom in the 70s of the 17th century, after the shocks from the uprisings of Ivan Bryukhovetsky (1668) and Stepan Razin (1670), the task was to strengthen their presence in Slobozhanshchina , the main threat of which was the Tatars. As the most suitable defensive line, natural barriers were chosen in the form of the Kolomak , Mzha , Seversky Donets and Oskol rivers , on which old settlements had already existed.
In 1675-1676, the city of Kolomak was founded on the Kolomak River , which subsequently became the extreme western point of the defensive line under construction. Further, the line along the Mzha river was continued by Vysokopolye , Novy Perekop , Valki , Vodolaga , Sokolov , Zmiev , then along the Seversky Donets: Bishkin , Liman , Andreev Loz , Balakley , Savinskaya , Raisins along the Oskol: Tsarev-Borisov , Ostropolye , Kupyanskoye , Dvurechny , Kamenskoye , on the Valuy River : Valuyki , Potapov. The defensive line on the Tikhaya Sosna River was ending . The main part of the line was built in 1679-1680. At the construction of the line tens of thousands of Russian people worked, including Cherkasy [1] .
Trait Composition
The Raisins feature included a complex of defensive structures in the form of earthen ramparts , wooden defensive structures, forest areas , as well as cities and fortresses. The most important earthen ramparts were Perekopsky (between the mouths of the Kolomak and Mzha rivers), which was intended to block the Tatar Muravsky route , and Palatovsky, located in the north-eastern part of the line [1] .
Usage
The line was defended by the population of the steppe, suburban and stanitsa Ukraine (borderlands), which was divided into four camps : watchmen , stanitsy, urban and regimental. By the 30s of the 18th century, the Izyumsky line had mostly lost its defensive significance in connection with the construction of the Ukrainian line between the Dnieper and the Seversky Donets [1] .
See also
- Russian fortified lines
- Belgorod trait
- Raisins
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Panashenko V.V. Izumsk defense line // Encyclopedia of the history of Ukraine. At 10 t. / Redkol V.A. Smoliy ta іn. - Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 2005. - T. 3. E-Y. - S. 428. - 672 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 966-00-0632-2 .
Literature
- Zagorovsky V.P. Izyumskaya trait. - Voronezh: Publishing House of the Voronezh State University, 1980. - 239 p. - 2000 copies.
- Panashenko V.V. Izumsk defense line // Encyclopedia of the history of Ukraine. At 10 t. / Redkol V.A. Smoliy ta іn. - Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 2005. - T. 3. E-Y. - S. 428. - 672 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 966-00-0632-2 .
Links
- N. Lomako ( Lysychansk ). Belgorod and Izyumskaya line, 1681