Hegemonic masculinity ( eng. Hegemonic masculinity ), also dominant or dominant masculinity - a term coined by Australian sociologist Ravin Connell [1] , to describe the type of masculinity that is at the top of the culture hierarchy of the male community and shared by its predominant part [2] [3] [4] . Russian scientist Igor Kohn considers hegemonic masculinity as a sociocultural normative canon that men and boys are guided by [5] .
Content
The image of the "real man"
Hegemonic masculinity is the desired “normative” pattern and ideal of masculinity. The desire to follow these patterns is socially encouraged in society [2] [4] . Despite this, not all men try to meet the standards of hegemonic masculinity [5] .
Hegemonic masculinity reflects the notion of a “real man” in a given society and is realized in relations with women or other less prestigious forms of masculinity (“unreal men”) [5] [6] . Such hegemony is based on violence and recognition [5] [3] . The opposite of hegemonic masculinity is the different marginalized models of masculinity that exist in groups of national, social and sexual minorities. These manifestations of masculinity are estimated by the majority as “flawed”, are marginalized and perceived with different levels of tolerance , often becoming objects of discrimination characteristic of a patriarchal society [6] [3] [4] .
Hegemonic masculinity is characterized by the avoidance of everything feminine (“without being a woman”), homophobia , self-sufficiency (self-reliance), aggressiveness, competitiveness, the struggle for high social status , impersonal sexuality, and emotional restraint [7] . Hegemonic masculinity has a great influence on the socialization of boys, cultivating in them strong emotions associated with the relation of domination and power, love for the thrill, and also taboos the manifestation of weakness in the form of fear, tenderness or a sense of shame [8] .
In some socially and ethnically marginalized groups, hegemonic masculinity is expressed in protest masculinity , which seeks to revive the “true-masculine principle” and is contrasted with “ feminized ”, “intellectualized” and “ homosexualized ” Western civilization [7] .
See also
- Heteronormatism and gender non-conformity
- Gender Role and Gender Stereotypes
- Straight acting is a similar phenomenon in LGBT
- Heteropatriarchy
Notes
- ↑ Connell, 2005 .
- ↑ 1 2 Slezkina, 2012 , p. 85.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Salagaev, 2002 , p. 2
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sinelnikov, 2002 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kon, 2010 , p. 102
- ↑ 1 2 Slezkina, 2012 , p. 86
- ↑ 1 2 Kon, 2010 , p. 103
- ↑ Kon, 2010 , p. 108
Literature
- Connell, RW Masculinities . - Second Edition. - Berkeley: University of California Press , 2005. - 327 p. - ISBN 0520246985 .
- Zdravomyslova E. Hegemonic masculinity. Hero autobiography and comments // Boundless sociology. Collection of essays for the 60th anniversary of V. Voronkov / Ed. O. Pachenkova, M. Sokolov, E. Chikadze. - SPb. : CISR , 2005. - pp . 15—33 . Archived October 4, 2013.
- Kon I. S. Hegemonic masculinity as a factor of male (un) health // Sociology: theory, methods, marketing. - 2008. - № 4 . - p . 5-16 .
- Kon I. S. Changing Men in a Changing World // Ethnographic Mosaic. - 2010. - № 6 . - p . 99-1114 .
- Salagaev A. L. , Shashkin A. V. Violence in youth groups as a way of constructing masculinity // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology . - 2002. - V. T. , № 1 . - p . 151-160 .
- A. Sinelnikov. Dictionary of Gender Terms // TSU Bulletin / Ed. A. A. Denisova. - Tomsk: TSU , 2002. - № 1 (17) .
- Slezkina Yu. M. Characteristics of dominant models of masculinity and femininity // TSU Bulletin. - Tomsk: TSU , 2012. - № 1 (17) . - p . 85-91 .
- Tkachenko V. S. Psychology of masculinity and femininity in persons with disabilities // Medico-social bases of independent life of persons with disabilities. - M., 2012
- Khitruk E. B. Socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of male socialization (inaccessible link) // Tomsk State University Bulletin. 2014. No. 387. P. 61-68
- Zh. V. Chernova. Representations of hegemonic masculinity in contemporary Russian media discourse : Dis. on the competition uch. step. to. sociol. n .: Spec. 22.00.04 / Chernova Zh. V .; [Sarat. state tech. un-t] - Saratov: 2001. - 185 p.
Links
- Anna Temkina. Real man . Polit.ru (June 12, 2013). The appeal date is October 1, 2013.