The group of troops of the Kursk direction (Special group of troops of the Kursk direction, Special detachment of the Kursk direction) - a military association of the Red Army during the Civil War in Russia (late 1918 - early 1919).
| Kursk Group | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Years of existence | November 17, 1918 - February 15, 1919 |
| A country |  RSFSR |
| Subordination | Red army |
| Type of | infantry |
| Participation in | Civil War
|
A group of forces was formed in November 1918. In December, part of its troops became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Army and acted on the territory of Ukraine, and the remaining troops were subordinated to the Strategic Missile Forces of the Southern Front (against the Don Army of General Krasnov ).
Since February 1919 it was renamed the Group of Forces of the Donetsk direction , which in March 1919 was deployed to the 13th army .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Command
- 3 Composition
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
History
At the end of September 1918, the Fourth Union began to fall apart. In the last days of September, the troops of Bulgaria surrendered, a month later the Turkish army. In October 1918, a bourgeois-democratic revolution took place in Austria-Hungary, as a result of which the monarchy was overthrown, the Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed. On November 3, the Austro-Hungarian forces laid down their arms. Having lost allies, Germany surrendered and on November 11 signed an armistice act.
On November 11, the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic issued a directive to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic on the preparation within ten days of the offensive of the Red Army against the German-Austrian troops and Ukrainian national troops and groups, on the assistance to the Ukrainian Red Army [1] .
On November 13, the government of Soviet Russia annulled the Brest peace treaty , having the opportunity to openly help the revolutionary forces of Ukraine and other occupied regions of the country, which was crucial for the success of their struggle against the invaders and internal counter-revolution. The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the annulment of the Brest Treaty contained a greeting to the working people of the occupied regions of the country, indicated that the Russian Soviet Republic called on them "to fraternal alliance with the workers and peasants of Russia and promised them full, ongoing support in their struggle for the establishment of socialist power on their lands workers and peasants ” [2] .
On November 17, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic formed the Revolutionary Military Council of the Special Group of Forces of the Kursk direction composed of V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko , I. V. Stalin , V. P. Zatonsky (also the name of the Kursk military forces is found in the literature) [1] [3] . The Revolutionary Military Council developed a military-strategic plan for the liberation of Ukraine, and began to staff the front with troops. To help the Bolsheviks of Ukraine, the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) Sent several groups of party, Soviet and military workers.
On November 18, I. I. Vatsetsis , Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces of the RSFSR , issued Directive No. 279 / sh on the creation of the Special Unit of the Kursk direction (later the Kursk Group of Forces ). The headquarters of the formation was located in Kursk [4] [5] . The Group of Forces included the 1st and 2nd Rebel divisions , formed in September in the so-called neutral zone established by the Brest Peace Treaty between Soviet Russia and Ukraine occupied by Austro-German forces.
On November 18-24, the 2nd Rebel Division occupied Yampol , Rylsk , Korenevo and other settlements on the border of Soviet Russia and Ukraine.
On November 20, a detachment under the command of I. S. Kozhevnikov was transferred to the Kursk Group of Forces to strengthen the group of Soviet forces opposing the Don Army of General Krasnov .
On November 28, on the basis of the All-Ukrainian Central Military Revolutionary Committee , the Provisional Worker and Peasant Government of Ukraine was created, headed by G. L. Pyatakov [6] . At its first meeting in Sudzha, the Provisional Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine formed the Revolutionary Military Council of the Ukrainian Soviet Army , subordinating to it all the Soviet armed forces operating in Ukraine [1] [6] .
On November 30, the Ukrainian Soviet Army was formed (commander V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko , PBC members V. P. Zatonsky and Artyom (F. A. Sergeev) , chief of staff V. Kh. Aussem [1] [6] ).
The 1st and 2nd Insurgent divisions were transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Army, as well as separate rebel detachments, later converted into regular units and formations, and parts of the border guards of the Bryansk, Lgovsky, Kursk and Ostrogozh districts of the Kursk province .
By the Directive of the Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces of the RSFSR No. 487 / sh dated December 19, 1918 from December 21, 1918, the Group of Kursk forces was subordinated to the Southern Front PWS [5] .
In December, I. S. Kozhevnikov was appointed commander of the Kursk Group of Forces on the Southern Front [5] . The headquarters of the Kursk Group of Forces of the Southern Front was located in Valuyki (January 1919), Kupyansk (January - February 15, 1919) [5] .
On the basis of the order for the Kursk Group of Forces No. 2 dated January 10, 1919, from the detachments of the Partisan Red Army in the area of the city of Lugansk , the 4th partisan division was formed [7] [8] . On February 10, she was reorganized into the 4th Infantry Division .
By order No. 233 of February 15 for the troops of the Southern Front, the Group of Kursk forces was renamed the Donetsk Group of Forces ( Group of Troops of the Donetsk direction ) [5] . Her commander was appointed I. S. Kozhevnikov . The headquarters of the Donetsk Group of Forces was located in Kupyansk (February 15 - March 5, 1919) [5] . By order of the front forces No. 328 of March 5, 1919, the Donetsk group of troops was deployed to the 13th army .
Command
Revolutionary Military Council of the Kursk Special Forces Group:
- Commander of the troops V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko (November 17 - December 1918) [1] [3]
- Member of the PBC I.S. Stalin [1]
- Member of the PBC V.P. Zatonsky [1] .
- November 30, 1918 V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko was simultaneously appointed commander of the Ukrainian Soviet Army [1] .
- In the post of commander of the Kursk Group of Forces he was replaced by I. S. Kozhevnikov (December 1918 - February 15, 1919) [5] .
Composition
On November 18, 1918 a special group of troops of the Kursk direction:
- Management (Headquarters, Political Department)
- 1st Ukrainian Insurgent Division (November 18 - 30, 1918)
- 2nd Ukrainian Insurgent Division (November 18 - 30, 1918)
On November 20, 1918 a special group of troops of the Kursk direction:
- Management (Headquarters, Political Department)
- 1st Ukrainian Insurgent Division
- 2nd Ukrainian Insurgent Division
- Partisan Red Army (November 20, 1918). Commander of the troops I. S. Kozhevnikov .
On November 30, 1918 [1] :
- Control
- Ukrainian Soviet Army (November 30, 1918 - January 4, 1919)
- Separate rebel units converted to regular units and formations
- Parts of the border guard of the Bryansk, Lgovsk, Kursk and Ostrogozh districts of the Kursk province.
On December 31, 1918 [1] :
- Control
- Ukrainian Soviet Army:
- 1st Ukrainian Soviet Division
- 2nd Ukrainian Soviet Division
- Reserve Ukrainian Soviet Division
- Bryansk border regiment
- Lgovsky border regiment
- Kursk border regiment
- Separate formations.
- 4th Partisan Division (10.01-10.02.1919)
- 4th Infantry Division (02/10/15/02/1919)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 From rebellion to the regular army. Red Banner Kiev. 1979. S.S. 21-24.
- ↑ Condufor Yu.Yu. (chap. ed.). History of the Ukrainian SSR in 10 volumes. Volume VI, 1984. Ch. 4. The collapse of the German and Austro-Hungarian occupation. The beginning of the restoration of Soviet power
- ↑ 1 2 http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/History/Rat/05.php Ratkovsky I., Khodyakov M. History of Soviet Russia. Chapter 1. V. The fighting in late 1918 - early 1919.
- ↑ Civil war and military intervention in the USSR. Encyclopedia. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://guides.rusarchives.ru/browse/gbfond.html?bid=120&fund_id=24243 Archived November 10, 2013 on the Wayback Machine Russian Archives website. Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. Donetsk group of troops.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Central State Archive of the October Revolution of the Ukrainian SSR, f. 2, op. 1, d.14, l.1. Provisional Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine. Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR.
- ↑ Central State Archive of the Soviet Army (since June 1992 the Russian State Military Archive). F.1407; 894 d .; 1919-1921 Management of the 42nd Rifle Division (formerly 4th Partisan, 4th Rifle Division).
- ↑ http://guides.eastview.com/browse/guidebook.html?bid=121&sid=92104 The Central State Archive of the Soviet Army (since June 1992 the Russian State Military Archive). In two volumes. Volume 2. Guide. 1993.
Literature
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., Military Publishing House, 1984.
- Red Banner Kiev. Essays on the history of the Red Banner Kiev Military District (1919-1979). Second edition, revised and supplemented. Kiev, publishing house of political literature of Ukraine, 1979.
- Civil war and military intervention in the USSR. Encyclopedia. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.
- Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. In two volumes. Volume 1. Guide. 1991.
- Savchenko V.A. Twelve Wars for Ukraine. - Kharkov: Folio, 2006. http://militera.lib.ru/h/savchenko_va/index.html
- http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/selyavkin_ai/05.html Selyavkin A. I. In three wars on armored cars and tanks. Special purpose armored division. - Kharkov: Prapor, 1981. - 183 p. - 15,000 copies.
- Central State Archive of the October Revolution of the Ukrainian SSR, f. 2, op. 1, d.14, l.1. Provisional Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine. Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR.
- The Central State Archive of the Soviet Army (since June 1992 the Russian State Military Archive). F.1407; 894 d .; 1919-1921 Management of the 42nd Rifle Division (formerly 4th Partisan, 4th Rifle Division).
- http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/History/Rat/05.php Ratkovsky I., Khodyakov M. History of Soviet Russia. Chapter 1. V. The fighting in late 1918 - early 1919.
Links
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131110170523/http://guides.rusarchives.ru/browse/gbfond.html?bid=120&fund_id=24243 Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. In two volumes. Volume 1. Guide. 1991. Donetsk Group of Forces.
- http://guides.eastview.com/browse/guidebook.html?bid=121&sid=92104 The Central State Archive of the Soviet Army (since June 1992 the Russian State Military Archive). In two volumes. Volume 2. Guide. 1993.