Gebitskomissar ( German: Gebietskommissar ; from Gebiet - region + commissar ) - a position in the administrative hierarchy of the Third Reich . The term was introduced during the Second World War as the official title of an official who carried out administrative functions in territorial formations occupied by Nazi Germany. The Gebite commissioners were to report directly to the civilian head of the occupation administration.
Content
- 1 Place in the hierarchy
- 2 Position Introduction
- 3 Decree of the Fuhrer of July 17, 1941
- 4 Gebitomissar
- 5 notes
Hierarchy Place
According to their hierarchical status, they were equated with the heads of district administrations or the chairmen of the regional branches of the NSDAP in Germany itself. Above them in the hierarchy followed the Hauptkommissar ( German Hauptkommissar ). For the first time, the post of Gebite Commissioner was introduced and approved after the Nazi invasion of Denmark and Norway in 1940 and the division of the occupied Scandinavian territories as part of the creation of a new administrative division. Also, the question of the position of the gebitsomissar became especially relevant after the invasion of Nazi Germany in the USSR in 1941 . This post was introduced for the civil administration of the occupied territories in the regions ( Gebiet ) of the Ostland and Ukraine Reich Commissariats . After 1945, the post disappeared and its mention was recorded only in historical documents.
Post introduction
On June 28, 1941, six days after the outbreak of German military aggression against the USSR, the Minister for Eastern Occupied Territories and party ideologist Alfred Rosenberg signed a decree in which he outlined his plans for the “development of the Eastern European space”, during which, for effective management It was prescribed to approve the posts of the Reich Commissioner , 24 General Commissioners ( German: Generalkommissare ), as well as 80 Hauptcommissaries and approximately 900 Gebitom Commissioners . The Order of Crossensee in Pomerania was to become their working headquarters (with the functions of a single strategic and coordination center). Gebit commissars were to receive from him all the information necessary for their activities.
Führer Decree of July 17, 1941
About a month later, on July 17, 1941, new rules were adopted, elaborated in more detail, concerning the position of Nazi local commissars. They were based on the Führer's Decree on the Management of the Occupied Eastern Territories, which was not published at the time. From this decree it followed that after the end of hostilities it was supposed to relieve the military administration of civilian duties and create a special civil administration. The Rosenberg ministry should have been directly subordinate to the Reich commissioners, whose authority should have extended to general commissioners who were authorized to make decisions in their districts and districts, and they, in turn, were subordinated to the regional commissars who headed the oblasts (smaller territories within the okrug). It was also found that several regions in the occupied territories, in order to save resources, can be combined into one main region under the control of the guard commissar. Further, Hitler’s decree specifically stipulates that, unlike the Reich commissioners and general commissioners, the guard commissars and the gebite commissioners should be appointed directly by the Ministry of Eastern Territory Affairs:
The Reich Commissars and Commissioners-General are appointed by me, while the heads of departments in the Reich Commissariat and their representatives, as well as the Hauptcommissaries and the Gebitsomissaries are appointed by the Imperial Minister for Eastern Territory Affairs.
Following the results of this decree of the Führer on July 17, the command of German troops in Ostland issued an order on August 28, according to which all civil power from September 1 should go to the Nazi civil administration.
Around July-August 1941, the Ministry issued the so-called “ Brown Folder ”, developed for the Reich commissars, which stipulated a wide range of powers of the civil administration of the formed Reichskommissariat “Ostland” and “ Ukraine ”. The “Brown Book” was a collection of orders and decrees of Rosenberg and his representatives, who had the goal of implementing the plan for the economic robbery of the eastern territories, developed and set forth in Goering's so-called Green Folder .
Goebicomissaries
Commissioner in Norway:
- Paul Wegener (headed the Northern Norway area ).
Geobit Commissioners in Ostland:
- Noim, Walter (born 1902), SS Sturmbannfuhrer ( Panevezys (July 1941 to August 1944);
- Paulsen, Emil ( Liepaja , in 1943);
- Enetski, Friedrich-Wilhelm ( Narva );
- Hingst, Hans-Christian ( Vilnius );
- Gevecke, Hans ( Šiauliai );
- Schroeder, Heino (Arensburg, now Kuressaare );
- Hanzen, Herman August ( Valmiera );
- Ricken, German ( Pärnu );
- Karl, Hinrich ( Slutsk );
- Vitrok, Hugo (Commissar-Manager of the City of Riga );
- Fust, Joachim Herbert (Commissar of the Riga Region);
- Alnor, Walter ( Liepaja , until 1943);
- Medem, Eberhardt von ( Jelgava )
- Erren, Gerhard ( Slonim );
- Kramer, Hans (burgomaster of the city of Kaunas ).
- Werner, Rudolph ( Baranovichi ) [1]
Gebitsomissars in the Reich Commissariat "Ukraine":
- Hille, Alfred (city of Zaporozhye );
- Dushon, Ernst ( Pyatihatka , Krivoy Rog );
- Beer, Werner ( Exactly )
- Otto, Hans-Werner ( Nikolaev );
- Walhensteiner, Otmar ( Minsk region ).
Notes
- ↑ Vershitskaya T. G., Yelenskaya I. E., Rosenblatt E. S. Baranovichi // Holocaust in the USSR: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. I.A. Altman . - M .: ROSSPEN , 2009 .-- S. 48. - 1143 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8243-1296-6 .