National exclusiveness is a pseudoscientific justification of nationalism [1] . An ideology that claims that the cultural and ethnic differences of one nation make it not subject to historical influences affecting other nations, the declaration and promotion of national superiority, and so on.
Content
Origins
Deborah Madsen [2] takes the roots of ideology to the time of the Tudors , when John Fox in his “ Book of Martyrs ”Explained the reasons for breaking with the Catholic Church (in the Act of Succession ) by the unlawful usurpation by the papacy of supremacy in a single church. From this point of view, the English Church simply restored the traditional unity of spiritual and secular authority, interrupted by Rome; Elizabeth Tudor's actions were the culmination of a historical trend, God's actions through Providence, for the return of the true Church in the form of Anglicanism .
In the eyes of the Puritans , Elizabeth was the protector of the true church and the opponent of the Roman Antichrist ; she was the church itself [2] . According to Puritan historiography, God through providence helps the church of the elect, and the church is an agent of God acting in salvation; history is perceived as a conflict between Christ and the Antichrist, in Tudor times embodied in the form of the church of the elect and the papacy. It was during the Elizabethan period that the belief that England was the new Israel and that the British were God's chosen people was widely spread thanks to the book of Fox.
Colonists in Massachusetts brought this "apocalyptic nationalism" [2] with them to New England , where it served as the basis for American exclusivity .
National Exclusivity and Orthodoxy
According to the modern opinion of the Russian Orthodox Church , national exclusivity is a sinful phenomenon: "[n] Orthodox ethics contradict the division of peoples into better and worse" [3] .
Berdyaev contrasts the messianic idea and national exclusivity. Quoting Dostoevsky,
Every great nation believes and must believe, if only it wants to be alive for a long time, that in it, and in it alone, is the salvation of the world, that it lives on to stand at the head of the peoples, to bring them all together and lead them, in a consonant choir, to the ultimate goal intended for all of them.
Berdyaev claims that “messianism is not nationalism”, he claims to be “immeasurably greater” [4] .
See also
- American Exclusivity
- Chosen People
- Germany's special way
- Moscow is the third Rome, and the fourth will never happen
- Holy Russia
Notes
- ↑ Yaroshchuk N.Z. Philosophical problems of the nation . // Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy. T. 50, 2008.S. 1019-1027.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Deborah L. Madsen. American Exceptionalism . Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1998.S. 7.
- ↑ Fundamentals of the social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church . // Anniversary Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church: Cathedral of Christ the Savior, August 13-16, 2000: materials. S. 334.
- ↑ Nikolai Berdyaev. World outlook of Dostoevsky .
Literature
- George M. Fredrickson. "From Exceptionalism to Variability: Recent Developments in Cross-National Comparative History," The Journal of American History , Vol. 82, No. 2 (Sep., 1995), pp. 587–604 in JSTOR
- Gallant, TW "Greek Exceptionalism and Contemporary Historiography: New Pitfalls and Old Debates," Journal of Modern Greek Studies , Volume 15, Number 2, October 1997, pp. 209–216
- Michael Kammen, "The Problem of American Exceptionalism: A Reconsideration," American Quarterly , Vol. 45, No. 1 (Mar., 1993), pp. 1–43 in JSTOR
- Seymour Martin Lipset, American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword (1996)
- Lund, Joshua. "Barbarian Theorizing and the Limits of Latin American Exceptionalism," Cultural Critique , 47, Winter 2001, pp. 54–90 in Project Muse
- Pei, Minxin. "The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism," Journal of Democracy , Volume 5, Number 4, October 1994, pp. 90–103
- Thompson, Eric C. "Singaporean Exceptionalism and Its Implications for ASEAN Regionalism," Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs , Volume 28, Number 2, August 2006, pp. 183–206.