Snovsk (historical city)

Snovsk ( senior Slav. Snovsk ) is an ancient Russian city in the Principality of Chernigov , which existed in the 10th – 13th centuries on the River Again , a right tributary of the Desna . First mentioned in chronicles in 1068 . It was the center of the Snovskaya thousand - the ancient territorial core of Chernihiv land. Destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars during the invasion of 1238-1240. At present, it is a settlement in the urban-type settlement of Sednev, Chernihiv region, Chernihiv region .

Content

History

Appearance

Archaeological evidence indicates that the emergence of the city of Snovsk was preceded by a complex of monuments of Romanesque culture , represented by a fortification area of about 0.4 hectares in the area of the Oreshnya tract in the southern part of the modern urban-type settlement of Sednev, as well as two satellite settlements of this settlement. Probably this settlement was one of the tribal centers of the northerners ^[1] , which ceased to exist in the X century ^[2] .

In the Old Russian State

Landscape in the area of the old Russian city of Snovsk

According to the assumption of the Soviet and Ukrainian historian Nikolai Kotlyar , by the beginning of the 11th century, Snovsk, along with Chernigov and Lyubech, had turned from a proto-city into an early city with a detinet and a roundabout city, and in the 20-30s of the 11th century Snovsk turned into a real city. Russian historian Arseny Nasonov identified Snovsk along with Starodub and Novgorod-Seversky among the three village towns that formed the basis of the Chernihiv “volost” in its oldest, initial part ^[3] .

For the first time in written sources Snovsk is mentioned in relation to 1068, when the Battle of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich and the Polovtsy in the vicinity of Snovsk is described in the Tale of Bygone Years . With reference to 1149, the Snovskaya Thousand is mentioned in the Kiev Chronicle as a territory within the Chernigov Principality. The only known prince of dreams is Rostislav Yaroslavich . Snovsk is also mentioned in the Galician Chronicle under the year 1234, where it is indicated among the cities of the Principality of Chernihiv, which was captured by the troops of Daniil Galitsky and Vladimir Rurikovich ^[2] .

The annalistic Snovsk is identified with the ancient settlement in the area of the Koronny Castle in the center of the modern urban-type settlement Sednev, which has two sites (ancient settlement and roundabout castle) with a total area of 4.3 hectares. The fortifications of both parts date back to the 10th century by historians. In the vicinity of the settlement, the remains of Posad were discovered. Also near Sednev a mound necropolis of the 9th-11th centuries was discovered, comprising more than 300 mounds . Mounds were studied in the late XIX - early XX centuries by researchers D. Ya. Samokvasov and N. E. Brandenburg ^[2] .

Destruction by the Mongol-Tatars

The Mongol-Tatar invasion of 1238-1240 devastated the Chernihiv region, completely destroying the cities of Snovsk, Khorobor and Orgoshch ^[4] . From this period, the city comes to desolation.

The village of Snovsk and the creation of the settlement of Sednev

In 1527, Snovsk was referred to as a “with 50 smoke” settlement in Pamyat, which describes the cities of the Chernigov-Seversky land, which in 1503 passed from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Russian state . At the beginning of the 17th century, the village of Snovsk, also known at that time as the village of Knyaginino, ceased to exist.

After the Chernigov land became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1618-1620, the settlement of Sednev was founded in the territory of the former village of Snovsk, which since 1626 became the center of the Sednevsky volost, owned by the magnates of Pats. In 1638, Sednev was mentioned as a place “with 80 smoke”, in the territory of which a gentry castle was built ^[2] .

Current status

At present, the remains of Snovsk are represented by the ancient settlement on the territory of the modern urban-type settlement Sednev of the Chernihiv region of the Chernihiv region .

Notes

↑ Chernihiv land in the XI - beginning of the XIII century.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Vermenich Y. V., Bortman D. Ya. Sednіv // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. At 10 t. / Redkol V.A. Smoliy ta іn. Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2012. - V. 9. Pril-S .. - S. 504-506. - 944 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-966-00-1290-5 .
↑ Kotlyar N. F. Territorial development of the Chernigov-Seversky land in pre-Mongol time. Creation and development of the Chernigov Principality // Ancient Russia. Questions of Medieval Studies : a scientific journal. - Institute of Slavic Studies RAS , 2012. - Vol. 5 (52), March . - S. 5-16 . - ISSN 2071-9574 .
↑ Soloviev A.V. Author of Zadonshchina and his political ideas // Transactions of the Department of Old Russian Literature. - M., L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ,, 1958. - T. XIV . - S. 184 .

Literature

Vermenich Y. V., Bortman D. Ya. Sedniv // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. At 10 t. / Redkol V.A. Smoliy ta іn. Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2012. - V. 9. Pril-S .. - S. 504-506. - 944 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-966-00-1290-5 .
Kotlyar N.F. Territorial development of the Chernihiv-Seversky land in pre-Mongol time. Creation and development of the Chernigov Principality // Ancient Russia. Questions of Medieval Studies : a scientific journal. - Institute of Slavic Studies RAS , 2012. - Vol. 5 (52), March . - S. 5-16 . - ISSN 2071-9574 .

Links

Snovsk (neopr.) . Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius . Date of treatment September 6, 2013. (unavailable link)