Islam Shah (name at the birth of Jalal Khan [2] , d. November 22, 1554 ) - Delhi sultan from the Surid dynasty in 1545 - 1554 , the second son of the Sultan Sher Shah . Soon after his death, the state of the Surids fell into decay, and the Great Mughals returned to power over Northern India .
| Islam shah | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Silver Rupee of the Sultan of Islam Shah | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Sher shah | ||||||
| Successor | Firuz Shah IV | ||||||
| Birth | |||||||
| Death | November 22, 1554 | ||||||
| Kind | Surides | ||||||
| Birth name | Jalal khan | ||||||
| Father | Sher shah | ||||||
| Spouse | Bibi Bie [1] | ||||||
| Children | Firuz Shah IV | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
Content
The rise to power
Jalal Khan was the second son of the Pashtun military leader, who became the Sultan of North India under the name of Sher Shah . After the death of the Sher Shah, the nobility proclaimed the Sultan Jalal Khan as the most capable in relation to his older brother Adil Khan, who was appointed heir during the life of the Sher Shah. In favor of Jalal Khan, it was also played that he was closer to his father’s military camp at the time of the death of Sher Shah than Adil Khan [1] .
According to Farishte , Jalal Khan was crowned on the 15th day of the month of Rabi al-Aval of 952 year of Hijrah ( May 25, 1545 ) under the name of Islam Shah in the Kalindzhar fortress, during the assault of which his father died. After this, the Islamic Shah at the head of his father’s army returned to Agra , where he was re-crowned [1] .
Having come to power, the Islamic Shah first decided to eliminate his elder brother - a legitimate candidate for the throne. As Farishta testifies, the new sultan managed to convince Adil Khan to come to Agra under the pretext of transferring part of the territory of the sultanate to him. Caught in Agra in the full power of the Islamic Shah, who assured his brother of his eternal friendship and even proposed that he take his father's throne, Adil Khan prudently renounced his legal rights to the throne and officially recognized the Sultan of Islam Shah. After this, Adil Khan was allowed to leave Agra, but two months later, the Islamic Shah sent one of his eunuchs with the order to arrest Adil Khan and bring him to Agra in golden shackles. Upon learning of this, Adil Khan fled to Mevat to Khovas Khan. Having raised an open revolt, Hovas Khan and Adil Khan led their troops to Agra. On the approaches to Agra, the army of Adil Khan was defeated at the battle of Sikri, Adil Khan himself fled to Patna , nothing is known about his fate [1] [3] .
Board
Islam Shah successfully fought against the rebellious Afghan Amirs, defeating, first of all, the supporters of his brother Adil Khan. The suppression of rebellions and the establishment of peace in the state of Islam Shah continued until 1548 [1] . During this period, he made a campaign to conquer the Punjabi Gakhar tribe, and also strengthened the western borders of his state in the Kashmir region [2] [1] .
As Farishta testifies, in 1548 the Great Mughal Humayun made an attempt to regain northern India and crossed the Indus . Having learned, however, that Islam Shah came forward to meet him with a large army equipped with strong artillery, Humayun retreated back to Kandahar . After this, the Islamic Shah made Gwalior his residence [1] .
Islam Shah, not trusting the dignitaries of his father, redistributed the land holdings of his jagirdars , transferring them to people personally obligated to him by his position [3] . After transferring several attempts on his life, Islam Shah became a suspicious and tyrannical ruler, executing many of his close associates, suspected of them in the plot [1] .
During the reign of Islam Shah, the religious-messianic movement of the Mahdists became widespread, gaining wide support not only among the rural population, but also in cities, including among clergymen and sheikhs. Having defeated them, Islam Shah dealt a serious blow to this movement, but only weakened it for a while, failing to eradicate it completely [4] .
Like his father, Sher Shah , Islam Shah paid great attention to the development and improvement of trade routes in his state. According to Farishte, he ordered the construction of intermediate caravanserais from Bengal to the Indus between the caravanserais built by Sher Shah [1] .
Death
Sultan Islam Shah died in the prime of his life on November 22, 1554 from a tumor (according to Farishta, from a fistula [1] ), which the people considered the punishment of heaven for the persecution to which he subjected the supporters of the Mahdist movement [5] .
Islam Shah was succeeded by the 12-year-old son Faruz Shah, who, one month after the coronation, was killed by his cousin Uncle Mubariz Khan Suri, who took the throne under the name of Muhammad Adil Shah [3] [1] . The death of Islam Shah and the assassination of his son Faruz Shah served as a signal for a civil war between the military leaders and relatives of Islam Shah, as a result of which the Surid dynasty lost power over Northern India in less than a year [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ferishta, 2006 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of the East, 2000 , p. 154.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ryzhov, 2004 , p. 437.
- ↑ History of the East, 2000 , p. 161.
- ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia. T. 6 INDRA — KARACAS. M. 1965.S. 341.
Literature
- History of the East. T. III. East at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times. XVI — XVIII centuries (the main editorial board chaired by R.B. Rybakov). - M .: Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 2000. - S. 154, 161. - 696 p. - (Scientific publication). - ISBN 5-02-018102-1 .
- Ryzhov K.V. All monarchs of the world. Muslim East. XV — XX centuries .. - M .: Veche, 2004 .-- 544 p.
- Soviet historical encyclopedia. T. 6 INDRA — KARACAS. - Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1965. - S. 341.
- Ferishta, Mahomed Kasim Shah . History of the Rise of Mahommedan Power in India. Vol. 2 . - Adam Publishers, 2006 .-- ISBN 8174355006 .