Below is a list of French monarchs , starting with the kings of the Franks and ending with modern representatives of various dynasties, claiming their claim to the throne of France.
Content
Early Leaders of the Franks
| Leaders of the francs | |||
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Merovingian Dynasty
| Leaders of the francs | |||
Some historians consider these leaders (kings) mythical and (semi) legendary.
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| The Leaders (Kings) of Salic Francs in Tournai | Leaders (minor kings) (Ripuari?) Francs in Cologne | Leaders (minor kings) of salic francs in Cambrai? | The Leaders (Small Kings) of Salic Franks in Tongeren? | Leaders (minor kings) of francs in Le Mans? |
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After the death of Clovis, the kingdom was divided into four parts between his sons - Hlotar, Hildebert, Chlodomer and Theodoric. Later, Hlotar gave Aquitaine (the former possessions of Theodebald) to his son Hramnu.
| Kings of Soissons | Kings of Paris | Kings of orleans | Kings of Reims | Kings of Aquitaine |
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During the reign, Hlotar I seized the lands of his brothers. After his death, the kingdom was again divided into four parts between his sons.
| Kings of Soissons ( Neustria ) | Kings of Paris | Kings of Orleans ( Burgundy ) | Kings Metz ( Australia ) |
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In 613 , Hlotar II captured Burgundy and Australia, reuniting the kingdom. During his lifetime, he gave Australia to his son Dagobert. After the death of Hlotar and Dagobert, the lands of the Franks were again divided between their descendants.
| Kings of Neustria and Burgundy | Kings of Aquitaine | Kings of australia |
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| Kings of Neustria and Burgundy | Kings of australia |
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| Kings of francs | |||
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| King of Neustria and Burgundy | Kings of australia |
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| Kings of francs | |||
There were no kings between 737 and 743 .
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Carolingian Dynasty
| Mayordomas | |||||||||
Since the time of Clovis II, the mayordomas , the rulers of the palace, began to play an important role. This position was hereditary. Mayordomas from the Pipinid clan were the actual rulers of the state with inactive kings.
In 751 , Pepin the Short overthrew Childeric III, the last king of the Merovingian dynasty, and was proclaimed king, thus becoming the founder of the new royal Carolingian dynasty. | |||||||||
| Kings of francs | |||||||||
In 843, between the grandchildren of Charlemagne - Lothar, Louis the German and Karl Lysy - was signed the Verdun Treaty on the division of the kingdom. Lothar received Lorraine (including part of Italy, Burgundy, Provence and the western lands of Australia), Louis the German - lands east of the Rhine (i.e. the East Frankish kingdom , later Germany), Karl Lysy - lands west of the Rhine (i.e. Kingdom of West Frank , later France). | |||||||||
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Capetian Dynasty
| Portrait | Emblem | Name | The beginning of the reign | End of board | Communication with predecessors |
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| Hugo Capet c. 940 - 996 | July 1 (3) 987 | October 24, 996 | • Son of Count Hugo of Paris , grandson of Robert I , King of the Francs | ||
| Robert II the Pious 972 - 1031 | December 25, 996 | July 20, 1031 | • Son of Hugo Capeta | ||
| Father co-ruler Hugo (II) Magnus 1007-1025 | June 9, 1017 | September 17, 1025 | • Son of Robert II | ||
| Henry I 1008-1060 | May 14, 1027 | August 4, 1060 | • Son of Robert II | ||
| Philip I 1052 - 1108 | May 23, 1059 | July 29, 1108 | • Son of Henry I | ||
| Louis VI Tolstoy 1081 - 1137 | July 29, 1108 | August 1, 1137 | • Son of Philip I | ||
| Father co-ruler Philip (II) Young 1116 - 1131 | April 14, 1129 | October 13, 1131 | • Son of Louis VI | ||
| Louis VII Young 1120 - 1180 | October 25, 1131 | September 18, 1180 | • Son of Louis VI | ||
| Philip II August 1165 - 1223 | November 1, 1179 | July 14, 1223 | • Son Louis VII | ||
| Louis VIII Leo 1187 - 1226 | July 14, 1223 | November 8, 1226 | • Son of Philip II Augustus | ||
| Louis IX Saint 1214 - 1270 | November 8, 1226 | August 25, 1270 | • Son of Louis VIII | ||
| Philip III the Bold 1245 - 1285 | August 25, 1270 | October 5, 1285 | • Son of Louis IX | ||
| Philip IV the Beautiful 1268 - 1314 | October 5, 1285 | November 29, 1314 | • Son of Philip III | ||
| Louis X Grumpy 1289 - 1316 | November 29, 1314 | June 5, 1316 | • Son of Philip IV | ||
| John I the Posthumous 1316 | November 15, 1316 | November 20, 1316 | • Son of Louis X | ||
| Philip V Long 1291 - 1322 | November 20, 1316 | January 3, 1322 | • Son of Philip IV | ||
| Charles IV the Beautiful 1294 - 1328 | January 3, 1322 | February 1, 1328 | • Son of Philip IV |
Charles IV did not leave male heirs, so the throne was inherited by his cousin Philip, Count of Valois, thus establishing a new royal dynasty. His rights were disputed by the female grandson of Philip IV, King of England Edward III , which led to the start of the Hundred Years War .
Valois Dynasty (Capetian House branch)
Kings of France:
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule, approx. |
|---|---|---|
| Philip VI Lucky | 1328 - 1350 | |
| John II the Good | 1350 - 1364 , in English captivity in 1356 - 1360 and in 1364 | |
| Charles V the Wise | 1364 - 1380 , the actual ruler in 1356 - 1360 and from 1364 | |
| Charles VI the Mad | 1380-1422 , in 1420 the king of England Henry V was declared the heir | |
| Charles VII Victorious | 1422 - 1461 , adversary - Henry VI of English | |
| Louis XI the Prudent | 1461 - 1483 | |
| Charles VIII the Amiable | 1483 - 1498 | |
| Louis XII Father of the people | 1498 - 1515 | |
| Francis I Knight King | 1515 - 1547 | |
| Henry II | 1547 - 1559 | |
| Francis II | 1559 - 1560 | |
| Charles IX | 1560 - 1574 | |
| Henry III | 1574 - 1589 , King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania 1573 - 1574 |
The Valois dynasty is divided into three lines: the older line - was suppressed with the death of Charles VIII, the Orleans line - was suppressed with the death of Louis XII (who was its only representative on the throne) and the Angouleme line . With the death of Henry III, the representative of the Angouleme line, the entire Valois dynasty was cut short. Before his death, the latter declared his distant cousin, Heinrich de Bourbon, the representative of the youngest branch of the Capetian House, descended from the sixth son of Louis IX the Saint, as his heir.
The Bourbon Dynasty (the youngest branch of the House of Capetations)
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule | Notes |
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| Henry IV the Great , King of Navarre | 1589 - 1610 | Uncle Charles (X) of Bourbon and Giza challenged power until 1594 . | |
| Louis XIII the Fair | 1610 - 1643 | ||
| Louis XIV King of the Sun | 1643 - 1715 | ||
| Louis XV the Beloved | 1715 - 1774 | ||
| Louis XVI | 1774 - 1792 | The title "King of the French" in 1789 - 1792 . Overthrown during the French Revolution , executed in 1793. | |
| Louis XVII | 1793 - 1795 | In fact, he did not reign; he was recognized as king by the French monarchists, the USA and most of the states of Europe. |
The Bourbon dynasty continues to this day, in the person of the Orleans House, whose representatives claim the throne of France, and the current ruling Spanish Royal House, which comes from the grandson of Louis XIV, Philip V, king of Spain.
Bonaparte Dynasty ( First Empire )
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule, note |
|---|---|---|
| Napoleon I Bonaparte | 1804 - 1814 and 1815 - One Hundred Days | |
| Napoleon II Bonaparte | from June 22 to July 7, 1815 |
Bourbon Dynasty Restoration
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule | Notes |
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| Louis XVIII | 1814 - 1815 and 1815 - 1824 | formally 1795 - 1824 ; proclaimed himself king after the death of Louis XVII | |
| Karl X | 1824 - 1830 | Abdicated | |
| Louis XIX | August 2, 1830 | formally - a few minutes between the abdication of Charles X and his own | |
| Henry V | August 2–9 , 1830 | formally |
Orleans House (Bourbon House branch)
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louis Philippe I | 1830 - 1848 | The sixth cousin of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. Proclaimed himself king during the July Revolution, removing Henry V from the throne and declaring him illegitimate. Overthrown during the February Revolution of 1848 . |
Bonaparte Dynasty Restoration ( Second Empire )
Emperor of the French:
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louis Napoleon III | 1852 - 1870 | The President of France in 1848-1852, proclaimed himself emperor. Napoleon I's nephew, cousin of Napoleon II. The son of Louis Bonaparte . He was captured during the Franco-Prussian war , deposed. He died in 1873. |
French titular emperors
| Name | Portrait | Years of rule | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Napoleon IV | 1873 - 1879 | Son of Napoleon III . Died in the Anglo-Zulu War | |
| Napoleon Joseph | 1879 - 1891 | Napoleon's nephew I, cousin of Napoleon IV. Son of Jerome Bonaparte . | |
| Napoleon V | 1891 - 1926 | Son of napoleon joseph | |
| Napoleon VI | 1926 - 1997 | Son of Napoleon V | |
| Napoleon VII | C 1997 | Grandson of Napoleon VI , son of Charles Napoleon |
Applicants to the French Royal Throne
Legitimist claimants. Heads of the House of Capetations
- 1830 - 1836 : Charles X ( 1757 - 1836 ), king in 1824-1830, renounced
- 1836 - 1844 : Louis XIX ( 1775 - 1844 ), son of the previous one, formally the king for several minutes on August 2, 1830, renounced
- 1844 - 1883 : Henry V ( 1820 - 1883 ), nephew of the previous one, formally king from August 2 to 9, 1830, removed by Louis Philippe I, the last representative of the older line of the French Bourbons
After the death of a childless Henry V, legitimists who did not recognize the rights of the Orleans branch of the Bourbons believed that the right to the French throne passed to the Spanish branch. The refusal of the grandson of Louis XIV of the Spanish king Philip V, according to the Utrecht Peace Treaty, of the rights to the throne of France, was considered by the legitimists to be invalid.
- 1883 - 1887 : John III ( 1822 - 1887 ), son of Don Carlos the Elder , grandson of King Charles IV of Spain, great-great-grandson of Philip V
- 1887 - 1909 : Charles XI the Younger ( 1848 - 1909 ), son of the previous
- 1909 - 1931 : James I ( 1870 - 1931 ), son of the previous
- 1931 - 1936 : Charles XII ( 1849 - 1936 ), uncle of the previous
- 1936 - 1941 : Alfons I ( 1886 - 1941 ), King of Spain Alfonso XIII in 1886-1931, second cousin of the previous one, great-great-grandson of Charles IV
- 1941 - 1975 : Henry VI ( 1908 - 1975 ), son of the previous one. Abandoned the rights to the Spanish throne.
- 1975 - 1989 : Alphonse II ( 1936 - 1989 ), son of the previous
- since 1989 : Louis XX (born 1974 ), son of the previous
Orleanist Challengers
- 1848 - 1850 : Louis Philippe I ( 1773 - 1850 ), king in 1830-1848, renounced
- 1850 - 1894 : Philip VII ( 1838 - 1894 ), grandson of the previous one. After the death of Henry V in 1883, part of the Legitimists recognized Philip VII as head of the Capetian House.
- 1894 - 1926 : Philip VIII ( 1869 - 1926 ), son of the previous
- 1926 - 1940 : John III ( 1874 - 1940 ), cousin of the previous
- 1940 - 1999 : Henry VI ( 1908 - 1999 ), son of the previous
- 1999 - 2019 : Henry VII ( 1933 - 2019 ), son of the previous
- from 2019 : John IV (born 1965 ), son of the previous
See also
- Queens of france
- List of favorites of the kings of France
- List of Presidents of France
Literature
- Western Europe . // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - M. , 2002.
Notes
Links
- Kings of France on the FGM website:
- Franks, merovingian kings . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment February 14, 2011.
- Franks, carolingian kings . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment February 14, 2011.
- Franks, Capetian kings . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment February 14, 2011.
- Successors of Rome: Francia, 447-Present . Philosophy of History. Date of treatment February 14, 2011. Archived on May 10, 2012.
- France . Regnal chronologies. Date of treatment February 14, 2011. Archived on May 10, 2012.