Center of Lugansk

The construction of the future center begins in the late 1920s. In 1928, the first buildings of the Lugansk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital appeared ^[2] . In 1929, on the street Defense opened a pedagogical institute. Then the workers of the enamel plant are settled in new houses on the 12th line. In the 1930s on the street The administrative buildings No. 47, 49, 55, 59 and the residential building No. 43 are being reduced to Soviet, now a monument of local importance.

With the granting of the status of a regional center to Voroshilovgrad in 1938, the question arose of its reconstruction. A development plan for the new center was developed. In 1939, architects Grigory Lebedinsky and Moroz from Dipromista ^[3] prepared a draft of the House of Soviets, around which an administrative quarter was to be formed. The regional authorities returned to this plan after the war. On June 28, 1946, the executive committee of the Voroshilovgrad Regional Council adopted a resolution on the construction of the House of Soviets. On July 6, 1946, the Architectural Council of the Department of Architecture under the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR gave its consent to the implementation of the project ^[4] .

In 1948, the USSR Council of Ministers allocated funds for the development of the city. According to the general plan, the Fairground, the former city cemetery (now the Young Guard Square) and the surrounding streets were subject to complete reconstruction. In their place, modern public and residential buildings were erected. Together, certain adjustments were made. Instead of the House of Soviets in 1956, the building of the KPU regional committee appeared with significant simplifications. The streets and the area of ​​the Soviets (Heroes of the Second World War ) around this and other administrative buildings formed the new center of the city.

For a long time, small houses of the private sector coexisted within the central part of the city, close to elite housing. By the beginning of the 1970s, immediately after the Central Market was a Gypsy farm, which at that time had gained notoriety ^[5] .

At the same time, the center was “cleansed” of religious objects. St. Nicholas Cathedral and the Resurrection Church were destroyed in 1935. However, believers revived the Orthodox community during World War II and occupied the premises of the former synagogue . In 1949, local authorities seized the church building, but then allowed the construction of a new chapel in Gusinivtsi ^[6] .

Stalinist architecture

The center was built in line with the ceremonial monumental architecture of the time. One of the first to grow "houses with a spire", which were made in the style of the Stalinist Empire . Similar ensembles were observed throughout the Soviet Union (Stalin's skyscrapers, the Ukraina Hotel in Kiev , a house with a spire on Constitution Square in Kharkov ).

However, after Nikita Khrushchev 's speech at the II All-Russian Congress of Builders on November 4, 1955, a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On eliminating excesses in design and construction” was issued. The Soviet leadership proceeded from the fact that the fascination with ostentatious decoration of the facades devastate the state treasury.

“Numerous decorative colonnades and porticos and other architectural excesses,” the document said, “borrowed from the past, became a mass phenomenon in the construction of residential and public buildings, as a result of which in recent years a lot of public funds have been spent on housing for which it would be possible to build more than one million square meters of living space for workers ” ^[7] .

The transition from one architectural style to another can be observed within the Heroes of the Great Patriotic War . The building of the KPU regional committee with a neoclassical colonnade, houses with spiers in the south of the square, houses No. 2 and 6 with towers in the east of the square contrast with inexpressive residential buildings No. 1, 5, as well as structures on ul. Soviet and Demekhina , appeared after the decision.

At the turn of the 1970s - 1980s, the issue of the next transfer of the center to the area between Sovetskaya, Soroki, 18th and 19th lines was discussed. A project was developed for the reconstruction of the new square and the development of new administrative buildings. However, due to lack of money, and then the collapse of the USSR, the idea was not realized.

In the center there are a number of state institutions , in particular the regional state administration, the regional council ( Heroes of the Great Patriotic War , 3), the city ​​council (Kotsyubinsky St., 14), the district executive committee of the Leninsky district (Kotelnikova St., 17), the court of appeal of the Lugansk region, the regional prosecutor’s office , the Department of Internal Affairs in the Lugansk region (Polsky str., 3), the regional tax administration, the Security Service of Ukraine in the Lugansk region (79 Sovetskaya str.), the NBU in the Lugansk region (Sovetskaya str., 83), as well as the Lugansk regional universal scientific library named after Gorky (Sovetskaya St., 78), Regional Archive (Sovetskaya St., 85), Regional Theater of Russian Drama, Lugansk Puppet Theater, Regional Council of the Federation of Trade Union Organizations, Ukrtelecom , Two Churches, Two Chapels, Dynamo Hotel (St. . Sovetskaya, 48), "Sovetskaya" (Sovetskaya St., 54), "Lugansk" (Sovetskaya St., 76), the Central Market, banks, shopping and entertainment complexes, supermarkets , boutiques .

The main public transport ( buses and trolleybuses ) passes through the center, connecting almost all parts of the city, including the city of Happiness , pos. Yubileinoe, railway station and central bus station. In the area of ​​the Leninsky district executive committee there is also a suburban bus station.

• theatre square
• The square and square of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War
• Square Young Guard
• Civil War Heroes Glory Square

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War

• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and Heroes of the Soviet Union
• Cranes
• T. Shevchenko
• Bust T. Shevchenko

Young Guard Square

• Mass grave of 14 Luhansk-Red Guards
• Ulyanov gymnasium student
• Young Guard
• Poets Tatyana Snezhina

Other places

• Memorial sign on the occasion of the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ (Lugansk Mother of God)
• Chernobyl heroes at the crossroads of Polish and Lunacharsky streets
• Participants of the war of 1917-1921 in the square of Glory of the Heroes of the Civil War
• The dead police officers in the Great Patriotic War and in the line of duty
• In honor of the feat of police workers in the civil and Great Patriotic Wars
• Bust K. Gascoigne
• The worker to the Luhansk region
• To Lenin

The citizens celebrate the main state and national holidays in the city center. The main Christmas tree at the turn of the 1950s - 1960s was installed between houses with a spire. Since 1966, it was transferred to the Heroes of the Great Patriotic War square. At the turn of the 20th - 21st centuries, Theater Square became its new place. Victory Day and City Day are also celebrated in the square with concerts , fireworks and fireworks.

The main political actions, protests are held near the regional state administration in the square of Heroes of the Great Patriotic War. The Communists organize rallies at the monument to Lenin, and also march along the street. Soviet.

During the Cold War, in Lugansk , as throughout the USSR , civilian shelters (known as " bomb shelters ") were actively built to protect the population from weapons of mass destruction .

The regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, state and public institutions, and enterprises necessarily had underground facilities with durable structures and anti-explosive devices. In some courtyards of the city center similar storage facilities were also equipped. Now they are reminded of the heads of emergency exits and ventilation ducts, which can be observed in the square and courtyards on the Heroes of the Great Patriotic War , Red Square , on the street. Polish (10th line), etc.

• Old city (Lugansk)

• A documentary about Lugansk, the 1930s .
• Forostyuk O. D. Walkers the Old Town // Dover of the curator of student groups. - Lugansk, 2011.