Dubrovina, Alexandra Emelyanovna

Alexandra Yemelyanovna Dubrovina was born on November 17, 1919 in the city of Novocherkassk (now in the Rostov region of the Russian Federation ) as the fifth ^[2] child in the family of the working-class painter Yemelyan Yevseyevich and housewife Anna Egorovna Dubrovins. Russian On the maternal line comes from the Cossack class Don .

In 1920, shortly after the capture of Novocherkassk by units of the Red Army , the Dubrovin family left the city ravaged by the Civil War and moved to the neighboring Donetsk gubernia .

Until 1926, the Dubrovins lived in the farm of Gerasimovka near Anna Egorovna, not far from the village of Krasnodon ^[3] , then moved to the village of Pervomayka ^[4] . Here in 1927, Alexander Dubrovin went to the first class of Pervomaiskaya junior high school.

Alexandra studied diligently, she was given easy humanitarian subjects, and in high school her chemistry and biology lessons were her favorite activities. In free time from study, the girl was fond of reading books, she was good at drawing. She was friends more with the boys, went fishing with them, and skated in the winter. A large family lived in constant need, but the hardships of life only hardened the character of the girl. Even while studying at school, she already firmly knew that she would become a teacher, and persistently walked toward her goal. After graduating from the seven-year school, she transferred to school number 1 named after Maxim Gorky in the village of Sorokino ^[5] , where she completed a ten-year education.

Since 1937, A.E. Dubrovina is a student of the biological faculty of Rostov University .

In 1938, the girl was taken to the Komsomol . Studying at the University of Alexander combined with active Komsomol and social work. She managed to go in for sports, and also earn extra money in the evenings and weekends to support herself and help her mother. However, the financial turmoil still forced her in 1940 to transfer to Kharkov State University , where she graduated from the 4th course of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology. In June 1941, she successfully passed the exams.

Yesterday’s students were preparing for the graduation ball, which was to be followed by distribution, but on June 22, 1941 the war began. Soon, the Dzerzhinsky district committee of the Komsomol of Ukraine Dubrovin, together with other members of the Komsomol University, was mobilized on the labor front. They were sent to the village of Staritsa to harvest grain and harvest hay. Classmate Dubrovina in Kharkov UniversityG. I. Lyshchenko later recalled:

I remember Shura well. She was very hardworking. We were very tired at work, the mood was depressed and there was not always a desire to bring water or firewood ... And Shura, without entering into an argument with us, whose turn to do this or that, rose silently and said: “I will go. I will do"

- From the memoirs of G. I. Lyshchenko, published on the website "Young Guard"

After the end of the field work and the return to Kharkov, the students were dismissed home.

In August 1941, Alexandra returned to her parents in Pervomayka and soon got a job as a teacher of chemistry and biology of 7-10 grades in secondary school No. 6. The young teacher was also appointed as a grade teacher of the 10th grade, in which future leaders of the May Day Cell of the Young Guard studied, Anatoly Popov , Uliana Gromov and others. While working at school, Alexandra became close to one of her students, Maya Peglivanova , with whom they became best friends despite the five-year difference in age. Telling about the touching friendship of girls, Aunt Maya A.V. Ogorodnaya recalled:

An image of Shura Dubrovina pops up in front of me. Slim girl with a simple haircut. She always wore modestly, most often she wore a dark blue woolen skirt and a white blouse. Shura Dubrovina was always strict with herself, persistent in achieving her goal and possessed a great will. This young teacher in the first year of her work gained great prestige among her students. Maya Peglivanova, Komsomol of Pervomaisk School No. 6, made friends with a young teacher-Komsomol Shura Dubrovina. They were brought together not only by common public interests, but also by their passion for chemistry. Maya Peglivanova loved chemistry and gave her all her free time. Shura Dubrovina noticed a capable pupil and always tried to help her. Often Shura came to Maya's home, and I saw them together, bowing their heads over the solution of chemical problems. Thus began their friendship, which grew into passionate affection and noted for good reason that Shura Dubrovina followed Maya Peglivanova “like thread after a needle”

- From the memoirs of A.V. Ogorodnya, published on the website “Young Guard”

Friendship Alexandra and Maya continued after the last high school. It was on the recommendation of Alexander Dubrovin Peglivanova in October 1942 that she became a member of the May Day group of the “Young Guard”. Dubrovina’s role in the underground organization was very large. As a senior comrade, she enjoyed great prestige and had a strong influence on her former students. Cold-blooded and reasonable, she knew how to restrain the ardor of young men and women, to keep them from hasty and rash decisions. At the same time, she always found the right words to stir up hatred of the enemy, to inspire the underground fighters to fight the invaders and their minions. “In the fascist rear, I did a lot of political and educational work among my students ...” - this characteristic of A.Ye. Dubrovina’s activities was later given to the bureau of the district committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Krasnodon. On behalf of the organization’s headquarters, Alexandra wrote and distributed anti-fascist leaflets and reports from the Soviet Information Bureau , propagated among the residents of Krasnodon, collected medicines and bandages for prisoners of war, and participated in organizing their shoots.

On January 11, 1943, Alexander and her friend Maya were arrested. In the commandant's office, however, it turned out that the “necessary” Dubrovin was already arrested and they released Alexander. Her niece, also called Sasha, was arrested. The police soon figured out that they had arrested the wrong Dubrovina and started looking for a teacher. Mother Maya and her aunt advised the girl to hide, but Alexandra made a different decision. “Where Maya and my comrades are, I will be there too,” she answered. Having collected her belongings, Alexandra Dubrovina voluntarily went to the police. During interrogations she chose silence tactics. She was severely beaten, but when she returned to the cell, she found the strength to look after other girls. Maria Andreevna Borts, mother of the underground worker Valeria Borts , arrested instead of her daughter, recalled the last days of Alexandra Dubrovina in prison:

Dubrovina Shura - was a dense girl of medium height, chubby blonde with blue eyes. She lisped a little, and it went so well for her, and she did it so nicely. She was kind, sensitive and responsive. She never said anything about herself, always reassured others and worried about others more.

- From the memoirs of M. A. Borts, published on the website “Young Guard”

On January 16, 1943, A.Ye. Dubrovin was executed along with other Young Guards. The executioners shot her leg and stabbed her several times, after which she was beaten to death. The disfigured body of the girl was dropped into the mine hole number 5.

After the liberation of Krasnodon by Soviet troops, the bodies of the executed Young Guard were raised from a mine and buried in a mass grave in the central square of the city.

• Order of the Patriotic War, 1 degree (09/13/1943, posthumously).
• Medal "To Partisan of the Patriotic War, 1 degree" (09/21/1943, posthumously).

• Alexander Dubrovin // Molodogvardeytsy: Biographical essays on members of the Krasnodon party-Komsomol underground / Comp. R. M. Aptekar, A. G. Nikitenko. - Donetsk: Donbass, 1981. - 125 p.
• Young guard. Documents and memories of the heroic struggle of the underground of Krasnodon in the days of time, the fascist occupation (July 1942-fevr. 1943.). Ed. 5th, pererabot. and add . - Donetsk: Donbass, 1977. - 360 p.

• Dubrovina Alexandra Emelyanovna on the site "Young Guard" (Neopr.) .
• Alexander Dubrovin (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is August 23, 2013. Archived May 18, 2016.
• The Young Guard is a city of Krasnodon (Unsolved) (inaccessible link) . The appeal date was August 23, 2013. Archived August 27, 2013.
• Dedicated to the heroes of resistance ... Alexander Dubrovin (Neopr.) .
• (ukr.) Young Guard. City Krasnodon. Dubrovina Oleksandra (Neopr.) . (inaccessible link)