Six Day John, Exarch of Bulgaria

Six Day John, Exarch of Bulgaria
Six Day John, Exarch of Bulgaria
Authors	Bulgarian Exarch John
Date of writing	end of IX - beginning of X century, until 927
Original language	Old Slavonic
Topic	world creation
Genre	exegetics
Content	Orthodox interpretation of the biblical doctrine of the universe ( Six Day ), the foundations of the theological and rationalistic Christian worldview, information from various ancient areas of knowledge

Six days of John, the exarch of Bulgaria - Slavic Six days , an exegetical religious, philosophical and theological monument, written by the Bulgarian exarch John (second half of the 9th century - the first third of the 10th century) and outlining the Orthodox interpretation of the biblical doctrine of the universe ^[1] ^[2] . One of the earliest works of Slavic literature . It promoted the acquaintance of Slavic culture with the antique and had a great influence on the development of the spiritual life of Russia ^[3] .

It is a story about the world, nature, plants, animals and man, built as a commentary on the biblical story of Genesis about the creation of the world. The six parts- words of the work correspond to the six days of the act of creation. It contains a rich collection of ancient and medieval "natural science" information and natural philosophical ideas ^[4] .

Content

1 History
2 Contents
3 Value
4 See also
5 notes
6 Editions
7 Literature
8 References

History

John was a Bulgarian writer and translator of the next generation after Cyril and Methodius ^[5] . The text of the monument was compiled in Bulgaria in the late IX - early X century. The monument came to Russia no later than the XI century ^[6] . The basis for its writing was the other Six Day Days - Basil the Great , Severian of Gavalsky , Theodorite of Cyrus . The oldest surviving list is Serbian , 1263. The oldest Russian lists date back to the 15th century ^[5] .

Six Day John consists of a prologue and six words. It is a translation-compilation of the Six-Day Basil the Great , Severian Gavalsky , various works by Gregory the Theologian , Gregory of Nyssa , John Chrysostom , John Damaskin , Theodorite of Cyrus , as well as Aristotle , Parmenides , Democritus , Diogenes , Thales , Plato and other ^[ Hellenic ” ^] , supplemented by the translator-compiler ^[4] .

In the prologue, the author writes that he did not compose these six words himself, but borrowed in meaning or literally from various writers, mainly “from St. Examer St. Basil” (that is, from Hexameron - Shestodnev Vasily the Great); what he had ever read, he combined, and added the missing in his own words, like a log house with a marble floor, built from someone else's material, he covered with the only straw that he had at his disposal. In the prologue and in the preface to the sixth word ^[5] , also written by the compiler himself, where it is a man ^[4] , the main pathos of this and all the other Six Day Days is expressed - amazement by the nature and structure of man; it also contains a description of the princely court, presumably the court of the Bulgarian prince Simeon . To this prince, a lover of literature and the patron of enlightenment, John dedicated his Six Day. Simeon died in 927, therefore, Six Day was created earlier ^[5] .

The monument sets out the foundations of a theological-rationalistic Christian worldview, and also provides extensive information from various fields of knowledge of that time dating back to Antiquity - philosophy , astronomy , geography , physics and botany ^[7] . The author of the work tries to combine biblical creationism with ancient Greek philosophical ideas about the origin of the world from four primary elements - air, water , earth and fire ^[8] . In the spirit of Christian monotheism, John sets forth the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle on the causes and principles of all things . He is also familiar with the provisions of the dispute about the nature of ether between Plato and Aristotle ^[9] . The author consistently criticizes the philosophical views of Parmenides , Democritus , Diogenes , Thales , while characterizing in some detail ^[10] . In matters of the structure of the universe, John adheres to the views of Aristotle and Ptolemy , according to which the Earth is in the center of spherical heavenly circles. The geocentric layout of the luminaries on spherical heaven-belts is the basis for calculating the lunar and solar calendars . John, following the ancient ideas of the sphericity of the Earth and the constancy of the ecliptic of the Sun , sets out the doctrine of climatic zones ^[11] .

Value

The six-day-old John Exarch for the Slavs for a long time was almost the main source of information on natural science . Although the oldest Russian lists date back to the 15th century, the influence of Shestodnev John on Russian literature can be traced back to the 11th century. In particular, admiration for the universe, ideas that everyone should be satisfied with their inheritance and that laziness is the mother of all evil expressed in Vladimir Monomakh’s “ Instruction ” and an artistic method for describing the Russian land in the Word about the destruction of the Russian land go back to him. In the XVII century, the Six-Day John Exarch was used in his writings by the Archpriest Habakkuk, who valued him ^[5] .

Notes

↑ Milkov, 2010 , “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria - a monument of Slavic literature of religious and philosophical content ..
↑ Yatsimirsky A.I. Shestodnev // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. - T. XXXIXa (1903): Chenier - Shuysky monastery. - S. 534-536.
↑ Milkov, 2010 , Created in con. 9 - beg. 10 c. in Bulgaria, from no later than the 11th century came to Russia and had a noticeable impact on the spiritual life of the country. <...> John’s “Six Day” was the most popular composition of this genre in Russia, playing an important role in the contact of ancient and Slavic cultures ..
↑ ¹ ² ³ From the “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria / Preparation of the text, translation and comments by G. M. Prokhorov // Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS , Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) ; Ed. D. S. Likhachev , L. A. Dmitriev , A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko. SPb. : Science , 1999. V. 2: XI-XII centuries.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Prokhorov G. M. Shestodnevy // Dictionary of scribes and books of Ancient Russia : [in 4 issue] / Ros. Acad. Sciences , Inst. lit. (Pushkin House) ; open ed. D. S. Likhachev [et al.]. L.: Science , 1987-2017. Vol. 1: XI - the first half of the XIV century. / ed. D.M. Bulanin , O.V. Tvorogov . 1987.
↑ Milkov, 2010 , Created in con. 9 - beg. 10 c. in Bulgaria, from no later than the 11th century came to Russia and had a noticeable impact on the spiritual life of the country ..
↑ Milkov, 2010 , It is a compilation work that dates back mainly to the Six Day of Vasily the Great (as well as Severian Gavalsky, Theodorite of Kirsky and others). The monument sets out the fundamental principles of a theological-rationalistic Christian worldview and contains extensive information about ancient philosophy, astronomy, geography, physics, botany ..
↑ Milkov, 2010 , John combines biblical creationism with the teachings of the four elements, reducing the diversity of the world created by God to various combinations of primary elements (water, earth, fire and air) ..
↑ Milkov, 2010 , In a monotheistic spirit, develops Aristotle's provisions on matter and form. John knows the details of the dispute between Plato and Aristotle regarding the nature of the ether.
↑ Milkov, 2010 , although in a purely negative way, nevertheless, the views of Parmenides, Democritus, Diogenes, Thales are described in some detail.
↑ Milkov, 2010 , The concept of the universe is based on the ideas of Aristotle and Ptolemy, according to which the Earth is placed in the center of spherical circles of the sky. The geocentric layout of the luminaries on spherical heaven-belts is the basis for calculating the lunar and solar calendars. The doctrine of climatic zones is based on ancient ideas about the sphericity of the Earth and the constancy of the solar ecliptic.

Editions

Six Day, compiled by John Exarch of Bulgaria // Readings in the Society of Russian History and Antiquities . - 1879. - Book. 3;
Sobolevsky A.I. Shestodnev Cyril of the Philosopher // Bulletin of the Department of the Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences . - 1901. - T. 6. - Issue. 2. - S. 177-202;
Aitzetmüller R. Das Hexaemeron des Exarchen Johannes. Graz, 1958-1975. Vol. 1-7;
From the “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria / Preparation of the text, translation and comments by G. M. Prokhorov // Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS , Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) ; Ed. D. S. Likhachev , L. A. Dmitriev , A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko. - SPb. : Science , 1999. - T. 2: XI-XII centuries. - 555 s.

Literature

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Barankova, G. S., On the Linguistic and Textological Analysis of the Shestodnev Lists of John the Exarch of Bulgaria, stored in the GBL, Zap. Sep. hands. GBL .. - Issue. 35. - M. , 1974. - S. 104-121.
Barankova G. S. Six-day narrative // Methodological recommendations for the description of Slavic-Russian manuscripts for the Consolidated catalog of manuscripts stored in the USSR. - Vol. 2, Part I. - 1976. - S. 165–180.
Barankova G. S. About astronomical and geographical knowledge // Natural-scientific representations of Ancient Russia. - M. , 1978. - S. 48–62.
Barankova G. S. Astronomical and geographical terminology in The Six Day by John the Exarch of Bulgaria // Monuments of the Russian Language: Research and Publications. - M. , 1979. - S. 150–171.
Barankova G.S. Early Russian edition of Shestodnev John Exarch of Bulgaria // Old Russian language in its relation to Old Slavonic. Sat St. .. - M. , 1987. - S. 77-91.
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Gorsky A.V. , Nevostruev K.I. Description of Slavic manuscripts of the Moscow Synodal Library . - Dep. 2, part 1. - M. , 1857. - S. 1-44.
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Likhachev D. S. “The Word of the Ruin of the Russian Land” and “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria // Russian-European literary relations: Sat. articles on the 70th birthday of acad. M.P. Alekseev. - M .; L., 1966. - S. 92–96. (D. Likhachev. Research on Old Russian Literature. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House " Science ", 1986. - P. 226—229.)
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Redin, E.K., On Some Facial Manuscripts of the Six-Day John Exarch of Bulgaria // Antiquities. Journal of the Moscow Archaeological Society. - M. , 1902. - No. 19. book. 3 . - S. 71-90 . ( few pages missing )
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Links

Six days of John, the exarch of Bulgaria, and the book "Heaven" of John of Damascus . Manuscript No. 145. Fund 173.I. Fundamental collection of the MDA library. The full text of the list .

[_3bf30816c1e84bee-1] Milkov, 2010 , “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria - a monument of Slavic literature of religious and philosophical content ..

[ЭСБЕ-2] Yatsimirsky A.I. Shestodnev // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. - T. XXXIXa (1903): Chenier - Shuysky monastery. - S. 534-536.

[_2600fac2597cb2e0-3] Milkov, 2010 , Created in con. 9 - beg. 10 c. in Bulgaria, from no later than the 11th century came to Russia and had a noticeable impact on the spiritual life of the country. <...> John’s “Six Day” was the most popular composition of this genre in Russia, playing an important role in the contact of ancient and Slavic cultures ..

[БЛДР-4] ¹ ² ³ From the “Six Day” by John the Exarch of Bulgaria / Preparation of the text, translation and comments by G. M. Prokhorov // Library of Literature of Ancient Russia / RAS , Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) ; Ed. D. S. Likhachev , L. A. Dmitriev , A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko. SPb. : Science , 1999. V. 2: XI-XII centuries.

[СКК-5] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Prokhorov G. M. Shestodnevy // Dictionary of scribes and books of Ancient Russia : [in 4 issue] / Ros. Acad. Sciences , Inst. lit. (Pushkin House) ; open ed. D. S. Likhachev [et al.]. L.: Science , 1987-2017. Vol. 1: XI - the first half of the XIV century. / ed. D.M. Bulanin , O.V. Tvorogov . 1987.

[_ab87c5417b1bfb8a-6] Milkov, 2010 , Created in con. 9 - beg. 10 c. in Bulgaria, from no later than the 11th century came to Russia and had a noticeable impact on the spiritual life of the country ..

[_364389b520c98695-7] Milkov, 2010 , It is a compilation work that dates back mainly to the Six Day of Vasily the Great (as well as Severian Gavalsky, Theodorite of Kirsky and others). The monument sets out the fundamental principles of a theological-rationalistic Christian worldview and contains extensive information about ancient philosophy, astronomy, geography, physics, botany ..

[_677933917d744c3e-8] Milkov, 2010 , John combines biblical creationism with the teachings of the four elements, reducing the diversity of the world created by God to various combinations of primary elements (water, earth, fire and air) ..

[_2a4d35f3d21f76f6-9] Milkov, 2010 , In a monotheistic spirit, develops Aristotle's provisions on matter and form. John knows the details of the dispute between Plato and Aristotle regarding the nature of the ether.

[_d3f734ae3fd71330-10] Milkov, 2010 , although in a purely negative way, nevertheless, the views of Parmenides, Democritus, Diogenes, Thales are described in some detail.

[_e21332694ded274a-11] Milkov, 2010 , The concept of the universe is based on the ideas of Aristotle and Ptolemy, according to which the Earth is placed in the center of spherical circles of the sky. The geocentric layout of the luminaries on spherical heaven-belts is the basis for calculating the lunar and solar calendars. The doctrine of climatic zones is based on ancient ideas about the sphericity of the Earth and the constancy of the solar ecliptic.