Kulakov, Antip Alexandrovich

Born in 1854 in the city of Taganrog , in a petty bourgeois family. He graduated from elementary school. Traded in leather goods, owned a shop. In 1873–1875, he met with participants in “going to the people” , read socialist literature, but did not take personal part in the revolutionary movement. In 1875-1878 he served in the army, in 1878 he returned to Taganrog. In 1879-1881, he maintained contact with the Narodnaya Volya and black-settlers , led propaganda among peasants and small traders. ^{[1] [2] [3]} In 1882 he joined the party of “Narodnaya Volya” , was a member of the local central group and the actual leader of the Taganrog organization. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

In August 1884, he was first summoned for questioning by the police. ^[3] In the autumn of 1884, after the arrest of the members of the Executive Committee elected by the Paris Congress of the People’s Will, G. A. Lopatin , N. M. Salova and V. I. Sukhomlin, and the ensuing mass arrests of the People’s Will, People’s Will broke up into separate organizations. The Taganrog group was in complete isolation.

B. D. Orzhikh proposed to the Taganrog People’s Volunteers his plan for uniting the People’s Food Organizations in southern Russia. One of the points of this plan was the organization of clandestine printing houses in Taganrog and Novocherkassk . The issue of the Taganrog printing house was discussed by A. A. Kulakov, A. S. Sigida, N. K. Malaksiano, M. P. Rybas, V. G. Bogoraz . It was decided that the owners of the printing house would be A.S. Sigida and N.K. Malaxiano. In July 1885, A. S. Sigid brought from Rostov-on-Don the font and other printing supplies left over from the Rostov People's Food Printing House, which printed No. 10 of Narodnaya Volya. In August 1885, A.S. Sigida and N.K. Malaxiano entered into a fictitious marriage and rented an apartment at the address: 62 Poltavsky Lane (now 66 Anton Glushko Lane). Together with them, U. N. Fedorova and E. M. Trinidadskaya worked in the printing house. Fedorova lived in a printing house apartment under the guise of a cook, Trinidadskaya - in the guise of a tenant. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [6]} In the second half of August 1885, the printing house was ready for work. Kulakov kept in touch with her and financed her. He brought to the printing house dynamite shells made by L.F. Yasevich and intended for the assassination of Minister of the Interior D.A. Tolstoy . The attempt was canceled, as Orzhih learned about the mental illness of the minister. Subsequently, the discovery of shells in the house of A. S. Sigida served as the reason for the consideration of the Taganrog People's Food Printing House by a military court. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [6]}

In September 1885, in Yekaterinoslav , a congress of representatives of food organizations of the south of Russia was held. Kulakov was invited to the congress, but could not arrive. At the Yekaterinoslav Congress, the editorial of L. Ya. Sternberg for No. 11-12 of the People’s Will and the plan of the brochure by V. G. Bogoraz “The Struggle of Social Forces in Russia” were discussed. The congress decided to continue the struggle against the government, for political freedom, including through the method of individual terror. The congress participants considered only systematic terror appropriate and recognized that at the moment it was impossible due to a lack of forces. It was decided to publish No. 11-12 of Narodnaya Volya and the brochure by V. G. Bogoraz, "The Struggle of Social Forces in Russia." The congress elected the Central Group. It included A. A. Kulakov, V. P. Brazhnikov, Yu. D. Tilicheev, L. F. Yasevich, B. D. Orzhikh, V. G. Bogoraz, L. Ya. Sternberg, A. N. Shekhter A.L. Gausman. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

After the Yekaterinoslav Congress, the Taganrog printing house began work. It published a collection of poems "Echoes of the Revolution." The place of publication of the last issue of Narodnaya Volya is unknown. Kulakov and Bogoraz wrote that it was printed in Taganrog, Orzhikh and Z. V. Kogan claimed to be in Novocherkassk . During the investigation, U. N. Fedorova and N. K. Sigida admitted that No. 11-12 of Narodnaya Volya was printed in the Taganrog printing house, while A. S. Sigida denied this. ^{[2] [4] [6]} D. Kuzmin (EI Kolosov) drew attention to this contradiction. ^[8] On September 16, 1885, A. P. Ostroumov was arrested in Rostov. During interrogation, he said that he handed over the font to A.S. Sigide. On the night of January 22-23, 1886, the Taganrog printing house was opened, A.S. Sigida, N.K. Sigida (Malaxiano) and E.M. Trinidad were arrested. U. N. Fedorova disappeared, but was arrested at the station a few days later. ^{[9] [3] [6]} Kulakov informed Orzhikh about the arrest of the printing house. In the spring of 1886, he was subjected to two searches, but nothing incriminating was found. ^[3] On April 30, 1886, he was arrested, but two months later released for lack of evidence . Police followed him, but to no avail. ^{[10] [3] [4] [5]}

In 1887 he served as a volost clerk, but was dismissed. In the fall of 1887 he left for Azov , served as an accountant in a trading house . In 1891, Kulakov was released from special supervision and in January 1892 he left for Moscow , worked as an accountant. In the summer of 1892 he met M.S. Aleksandrov (Olminsky) and through him established contact with the St. Petersburg Group of People’s Volunteers. Distributed proclamations . In December 1892 he was arrested in Moscow at the denunciation of K. Ostryanin, in December 1893 he was released and left for Yeysk . ^[3] In the 1920s, he lived in Moscow, wrote memoirs . Mentioned in the memoirs of V. G. Bogoraz, B. D. Orzhikha, A. N. Shekhter. ^{[1] [2] [6] [7]} In the "Kolyma Tales" V. G. Bogoraz was bred under the name of Ignat Slezkin. ^[2] Died in 1930 in Moscow, was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery . ^[eleven]

• Karyan tragedy
• People's will

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• Kulakov A. A. From the Memoirs of N. K. Sigid. // Hard labor and link. 1929. No. 11. - S. 132-137.

• Kulakov A. A. “Narodnaya Volya” in the south in the mid-80s. // Narodnaya Volya after March 1, 1881 - M.: Publishing House of the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiles, 1928. - P. 140-144.

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• Shekhter A.N. South Russian People's Food Organization. // Narodnaya Volya after March 1, 1881 - M .: Publishing House of the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exile Settlers, 1928.

• Shmulyan G.T. Kulakov Antip Aleksandrovich. // Encyclopedia of Taganrog. - Tagang: “Anton”, 1998. - S. 322.

• Tsymrina T. V. “Narodnaya Volya” after March 1, 1881. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences. - Rostov-on-Don, 2000.

• Tsymrina T.V. Taganrog People's Food Organization. // Information space of modern science. Cheboksary: ​​Research Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, 2011. - P. 132-136.