List of countries and territories where Ukrainian is the official language

Ukraine

• The official language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language (Constitution of Ukraine, p. 1, article 10) ^[1] .

Unrecognized public entities

The national emblem of the PMR includes inscriptions in Russian , Moldavian and Ukrainian

Transnistrian Moldavian Republic ^{[K 2]}

• The status of the official language on an equal footing is given to the Moldavian, Russian and Ukrainian languages (Constitution of the PMR, Article 12) ^[2] .
• However, despite the declared equality of official languages, the Russian language is legally used much wider than other official languages ​​(Moldavian and Ukrainian). For example, arbitration proceedings in cases involving a party located in the territory of another CIS country are carried out only in Russian. (Article 14 of the Law of the PMR "On Languages ​​in the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic") ^[3]

Donetsk People's Republic ^{[K 3]}

• The official languages ​​of the Donetsk People's Republic are Russian and Ukrainian. (Constitution of the DPR, Art. 10) ^[4] .
• However, in schools, the Ukrainian language is studied in smaller volumes than Russian. Since 2017, the Ukrainian language has been excluded from the list of compulsory subjects of the state final certification program (GIA) of schoolchildren ^[5] . In the same year, the DPR authorities announced the complete transition of all educational institutions from Ukrainian to Russian as the language of instruction ^[6] . Also in the DPR, the Ukrainian language is practically not used in the clerical work of government bodies.

Lugansk People’s Republic ^{[K 4]}

• The official languages ​​in the Luhansk People's Republic are Russian and Ukrainian. (LNR Constitution, Art. 10) ^[7] .
• At the same time, however, the only official language of office work in all organs of state power and local self-government of the LPR is the Russian language (Constitution of the LPR, Article 10, Clause 2)

  Moldova

• Administrative-territorial units of the left bank of the Dniester (de jure are not registered as autonomy)
  • according to paragraph 2 of Art. 6 of the Law of Moldova “On the main provisions of the special legal status of settlements on the left bank of the Dniester (Transnistria)”, the official languages ​​of Transnistria are the Moldavian language based on Latin scripts, Ukrainian and Russian languages ​​... ^[8] . The law provides for the possibility of creating an autonomous territorial entity with a special legal status - Transnistria - after fulfilling the conditions listed in Part 2 of Art. 1 of this law: demilitarization, in particular the withdrawal of troops and armaments of the Russian Federation, and the formation of a democratically elected system of power.

  Russia

•   Republic of Crimea ( disputed by Ukraine and not recognized by most states )
  • The official languages ​​of the Republic of Crimea are Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages (Clause 1, Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 11, 2014 ) ^[9]

  Romania ^[10]

• according to Law No. 215/2001 approved by Decision No. 1206 of November 27, 2001, official use is permitted in administrative units, where the share of Ukrainians is more than 20% ^[11] . These include:
  •   in the Maramuresh County :
    • commune of Repedea - 97.66% of Ukrainians ^[12]
    • commune Poienile de sub Munte - 96.64% of Ukrainians ^[13]
    • Ruskova commune - 94.31% of Ukrainians ^[14]
    • Bistra commune - 90.91% of Ukrainians ^[15]
    • Rhone de Sus Community - 86.46% of Ukrainians ^[16]
    • Remetsi commune - 73.90% of Ukrainians ^[17]
    • Bochikoyu Mare commune - 59.06% of Ukrainians ^[18]
  •   in Suceava County :
    • Belkeuts commune - 69.67% of Ukrainians ^[19]
    • Ulm commune - 58.67% of Ukrainians ^[20]
    • Izvoarele-Suchevei commune - 51.64% of Ukrainians ^[21]

• •   in the Karash-Severin County :
    • Kopechele commune - 65.21% of Ukrainians ^[22]
    • Peltish commune - 34.62% of Ukrainians ^[23]
  •   in Timish County :
    • Shchuka commune - 63.65% of Ukrainians ^[24]
    • Birna commune - 33.94% of Ukrainians ^[25]

  Serbia

• Ukrainian is a regional language according to the European Charter for Regional Languages ^[10] .
•   in the Autonomous Territory of Vojvodina, one of the six official languages ​​is Ruthenian (Charter of the Autonomous Territory of Vojvodina p. 2, article 26) ^[26] , which is considered by some scientific sources as a variant of the Ukrainian language, and by others as a separate language.

  Slovakia ^[10]

• according to the Law on the Use of Languages ​​of National Minorities of July 10, 1999 (Decree No. 184/1999 Zz), the right to officially use the Ukrainian language in administrative units, where the share of Ukrainians is 15%, is granted ^[27] (before the 2011 amendments, 20 %) or more ^[28] . These include:
  • 18 settlements ^[27]
  • 68 settlements ( Ruthenian ) ^[27]

  Croatia ^[10]

• according to Art. 12 of the Constitutional Law “On the Rights of National Minorities” of December 19, 2002, equality in the official use of the language and written language of a minority and the state language is carried out on the territory of a local government unit in which members of a national minority comprise at least one third of the population (paragraph 1) or in cases when it is provided for in international treaties by which the Republic of Croatia is a party and, when it is provided for in the charter of a local or regional government, in accordance obstacle to the provision of specific legislation on the use of minority languages ​​and script in the Republic of Croatia (p. 2). Other terms and conditions for the official use of minority languages ​​and scripts in representative and executive bodies, during administrative procedures in local and regional self-government bodies, in the first instance before state bodies, in the first instance of legal proceedings, in procedures conducted by the Office of the State Prosecutor , notaries and legal entities vested with state power, are regulated by special legislation on their use (paragraph 3) ^[29] . These include:
  • Miklushevtsi ( Ruthenian ) - according to the statute of the Tompoevtsi community ^[30]
  • Petrovtsi ( Rusynsky ) - according to Art. 57 Statute of the Bogdanovtsi community ^{[30] [31]}

  Australia

• Ukrainian is the language of one of the communities of Australia. His knowledge is taken into account by the official scoring system for obtaining an immigrant visa ^[32] .

  Poland ^[10]

• The Law “On National and Ethnic Minorities and Regional Language” of January 6, 2005 ^[33] separates Ukrainians and Lemks, recognizing the former as a national and the latter as an ethnic minority. Thus, the Lemko language is considered separate in Poland ^[34] .
• The law provides for the possibility of introducing a minority language as an auxiliary language on the territory of communes, in which representatives of the minority constitute at least 20% of the population, but neither Ukrainian nor Lemkovo have received such a status ^[35] .
• at the same time, in accordance with Art. 12 of the same law, nine villages of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship with Lemkovo population received permission to officially use Lemkovo tablets with the name of the settlement after the Polish ones ^[36] . These include:
  • Belianka
  • Blechnarca
  • Gladyszow
  • Of course
  • Kunkova
  • Novitsa
  • Regovet
  • Digging
  • Zdynia
• information materials in Ukrainian are used by departments of the voivodship departments for working with foreigners. ^[37] .

  USA

•   US Department of Defense
  • since the end of 2014, the Ukrainian language has been included in the list of languages ​​desirable for the army . Since 2015, a staff request has been expanded for people with knowledge of the Ukrainian language as part of the MAVNI program ^[38] .
•   Illinois
  • Cook County
    • the Ukrainian language, as one of the 22 most used languages ​​in this district, is used in the program to inform the population of the region about the tax policy of the authorities ^[39] .

  Turkey

• State Administration for Religious Affairs
  • in December 2016 published a translation of the meanings of the Koran into Ukrainian. The rights to this publication belong to the State Administration for Religious Affairs ^[40] .

  Croatia ^[10]

• Part I. The “Historical Foundations” of the Croatian Constitution lists Ukrainians and Ruthenians among the 22 national minorities of Croatia and guarantees them “equality with citizens of Croatian nationality and the exercise of national rights in accordance with the democratic norms of the United Nations and the countries of the free world” ^[41] .
• according to the constitutional law “On the Rights of National Minorities” of December 19, 2002 ^[29] :
  • Representatives of national minorities have the right to: use their surnames and first names in accordance with the norms of their language, their official recognition by recording in official documents in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Croatia (Art. 9 p. 1); obtaining forms for identification cards printed and filled out in their language and written language (Article 9, paragraph 2); the free use of one’s language and written language, privately and publicly, including the right to display signs, inscriptions and other information in the language and script used by them, in accordance with the law (Article 10); education in their native language and written language (Article 11, paragraph 1), which should be provided for in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and other educational institutions with language and written instruction used by them, in the conditions and manner established by special legislation, governing education in languages ​​and scripts of national minorities (art. 11 para. 2), and the curriculum and program of such training, in addition to the general part, should consist of subjects characteristic of minorities (mother tongue, literature, history, ge graphy and cultural traditions) (v. 11, n. 4).
  • Members of national minorities may, for the purposes of education of minorities, create pre-school institutions, primary and secondary schools and higher educational institutions, in the manner and under the conditions provided for by law (Article 11 para. 8). Schools and training for minorities can also be created for a smaller number of students than prescribed for Croatian-speaking schools (art. 11 para. 3), and educational work in such schools should be carried out by representatives of this minority who fully know the corresponding language and written language, or teachers who are not its representatives, but who fully know its language and written language (Art. 11 p. 6). To this end, higher education institutions should organize teacher training courses for teaching in the languages ​​and scripts of national minorities in that part of the curriculum that contains specific minority subjects (Article 11, paragraph 7). In addition, appropriate measures are stipulated for schoolchildren in a school with a Croatian language of instruction for teaching in the language and written language of the minority, as defined by special legislation, in accordance with the curriculum defined by the competent central government, at the expense of the funds to be allocated from the central the state budget and the budget of the relevant local government body (Article 11, paragraph 9).
    • At the same time, representatives of a national minority should have the right and duty to simultaneously learn the Croatian language and the Latin alphabet in accordance with a given curriculum and curriculum (Art. 11 p. 5).
    • As of 2015, the study of Ukrainian subjects takes place in schools in Lipovlyany , Petrovtsy , Kanizh and Shumeche . The Department of Ukrainian Language and Literature of the University of Zagreb is functioning ^[42] .
  • Under article 13, the law governing the use of minority languages ​​and scripts and / or the charters of self-government of administrative units determine measures to promote the preservation of traditional names, designations and names of settlements, streets and squares named after persons or events that are important for the history and culture of the respective a national minority in the Republic of Croatia in areas where the minority interested in this is traditional or, in terms of numbers, significant.
  • Radio and television channels at the national, regional and local levels should promote accessibility for national minorities, produce and / or broadcast programs designed to inform representatives of national minorities in their languages, encourage and promote the preservation, development and expression of cultural, religious and other identities minorities, preservation and protection of national heritage and traditions, as well as to inform in the relevant field about the tasks and responsibilities of the respective representatives rer and national minority councils. Legal entities that disseminate information publicly (press, radio and television) must allow minority organizations access to participate in the creation of programs designed for national minorities (Art. 18 para. 1). Also, in the interests of ensuring the exercise of the right of national minorities to receive information through the press, radio and television in their languages ​​and scripts, their representatives, councils and associations may participate in the public dissemination of information (publish newspapers, produce and broadcast radio and television programs, participate in the activities of an information agency) in accordance with the law (Art. 18 p. 3).
  • Under paragraph 1 of Article 34, a representative of a national minority shall perform his duties in accordance with the instructions that must be performed in the Croatian language in the Latin alphabet and in the language and script of the minority who elected him, which indicates the territory to which this representative was elected.

Interparliamentary Assembly of the Parliament of Georgia, Parliament of the Republic of Moldova and Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

• According to Article 10 of the Charter, Ukrainian, on equal terms with Georgian and Romanian , is the official language ^[43] .

International Chamber of Commerce

• The Ukrainian language is one of 21 languages ​​into which the Incoterms 2010 rules are officially translated ^[44] .

  NATO

• Since 1997, the NATO Information and Documentation Center in Kiev has been publishing individual NATO documents in Ukrainian. These include NATO Handbook, NATO Review, or NATO News. ^[45]
• a Ukrainian-language version of the official website of NATO is functioning ^[46] .

Previously, the Ukrainian language was official or state in:

•   Ukrainian People's Republic (1917-1920)
•   Ukrainian Stainless (1918)
•   West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918-1919)
•   Hutsul Republic (1918-1919)
•   Republic of Comanche (1918-1919)
•   Kuban People's Republic (1918-1920)
•   Green Ukraine (Ukrainian Far Eastern Secretariat) (1918-1922)
•   Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-1991)
•   Carpathian Ukraine (1939)
•   Ukrainian state (1941)
•    In the Trans-Danube Sich , located on the territory of the Ottoman Empire from 1775 to 1828 , all notifications were transmitted to the Ottoman authorities exclusively in Ukrainian through a dragoman . Moreover, even if the ataman knew the Ottoman language , he did not dare, under the threat of the death penalty, use it in relations with the Ottoman authorities ^[47] .
•   As part of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary :
  •   From 1850 to 1918, Ruthenian (Ukrainian) on an equal footing with Polish (until June 5, 1869, when the Polish language was given the higher status of “government”) was the regional language in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (Regional Constitution of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria with the Grand Duchy Krakovsky and the principalities of Auschwitz and Zator p. 1 article 4 ^[48] ; Orders of the Ministry of Justice No. 10340 of July 9, 1860, No. 3297 of April 21, 1861, No. 9962 of October 30, 1861 ^[49] ).
    •   Ruthenian (Ukrainian) language was used by the Head Rus Rada from 1848 to 1851 .
  •   From 1860 to 1918, Ruthenian (Ukrainian), until August 17, 1864 on equal terms with Polish , and after that with Romanian and German , was the regional language in the Duchy of Bukovina (Decree of the Ministry of Justice No. 10340 of July 9, 1860, No. 3297 of 21 April 1861, No. 9962 on October 30, 1861, No. 7017 of August 17, 1864 ^[49] ).
•   From August 1918 to 1920 , according to an agreement with the Ukrainian state , in the Great Don Army, the Ukrainian population had the same rights regarding their language, school, culture as all its other citizens ^[50] .
•   From December 1918 to May 1919 in the autonomous Russian Krajina, as part of the Hungarian People’s Republic and the Hungarian Soviet Republic, the Russian (Ukrainian) nation was given full right to self-determination in the field of language use (People’s Law number X of the year 1918 “On the autonomy of the Russian Nation living in Hungary ”) ^[51] .
•   From October 26 ( November 8 ) to November 16, 1920 on the territory of Ukraine controlled by the Russian Army (part of the so-called South of Russia ), by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, General Baron P.N. Wrangel No. 194 of October 26 (November 8), 1920 the Ukrainian language was recognized, along with Russian, the full language of Ukraine ^[52] .
•   From 1920 to 1992, the Ukrainian language was officially used by the UPR Government in exile.
•   As part of the USSR :
  •   In the Ukrainian SSR, the Ukrainian language was officially used (Decree of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee "On the use of Ukrainian in all institutions along with Great Russian") from 1920 to 1989 and was the state language (Law of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic " On Languages ​​in the Ukrainian SSR ") from 1989 to 1991 .
  • From 1925 to 1932, as part of the policy of “indigenousization” , about a thousand Ukrainian schools, 16 Ukrainian pedagogical colleges, Ukrainian higher educational institutions, theaters, Ukrainian newspapers, broadcasting were opened in the North Caucasus region of the Russian SFSR , the North Caucasian Ukrainian Research Institute and Ukrainian organization of writers. In Ukrainian, official documentation was kept, books were printed, all technical schools had an obligatory subject - Ukrainian studies, and by the resolution of the Kuban district executive committee of 1930 83 circles and courses for studying the Ukrainian language were organized for training employees of the Soviet apparatus in the Kuban ^{[53] [54]} .
•    From 1938 to 1939, the Ukrainian language was official in the autonomous Subcarpathian Ukraine as part of Czechoslovakia .

•   As part of the Third Reich :
  • From 1941 to 1944, the Ukrainian language, along with German, was official in the Reich Commissariat of Ukraine .
  • From 1941 to 1944, the Ukrainian language had an official status in the Galicia District as part of the Governor General . The Ukrainian language was used next to government German and actually became government in the occupation bodies and institutions, it was used in self-government, legal proceedings, education and auxiliary Ukrainian police. A Ukrainian department was created in the government of the Governor-General, the task of which was to process and publish all laws in the Ukrainian language for Galicia ^[55] .
•   From June 1 to 5, 2006, the Ukrainian language was regional in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro ^[56] .
•   Russia
  • according to Article 1 of the Federal Constitutional Law “On Amending Article 9 of the Federal Constitutional Law“ On the Adoption of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the Formation of New Subjects — the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Significance of Sevastopol ”in the Russian Federation”, Crimea Arbitration Court, Arbitration Court Sevastopol, 21 th Arbitration court of Appeal , the Arbitration court of the Central District and the Judicial Collegium of economic disputes of the Supreme court until 31 December 2015 the year when we consider AI cases involving claims against credit institutions as written evidence could take the documents made wholly or partly in the Ukrainian language, no duly certified translation of these documents into Russian, if they were made to 18 on March 2014 the year ^{[57], [ 58]} . According to the amendments of December 29, 2015, the period of validity of this item was extended until December 31, 2017 ^[59] .

Ukrainian bans

At the same time, in a number of states the use of the Ukrainian language in various historical periods fell under the ban:

•   Russian Empire :
  • Since 1863, it was forbidden to print religious, educational, and intended for the initial reading of literature in the Ukrainian language ("Little Russian dialect") ( Order of the Minister of the Interior P. A. Valuev of July 18 (30), 1863 ).

Ukrainian language is a liturgical language in:

• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Canada
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate
• Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
• Ukrainian Lutheran Church
• Of the Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine and in the parishes of the Ukrainian Diaspora
• Mukachevo Greek Catholic Diocese
• Transcarpathian Reformed Church
• Ukrainian Vicar Romanian Orthodox Church ^[60]
• and etc.

In the Ukrainian communities of the Polish Orthodox Church , the Ukrainian language is used in reading the Bible and in preaching ^[61] .