Artedidraco [1] ( lat. Artedidraco ) - one of the four genera of the family of bearded (Artedidraconidae) suborder nototenioid (Notothenioidei) order perciform (Perciformes) [2] . It includes 6 species [3] . The genus Artedidraco was first described by the Swedish ichthyologist Einar Lönnberg ( Swede. Einar Lönnberg , 1865–1942) [4] for fish from South Georgia in 1905. The genus is named after the father of ichthyology, the Swedish ichthyologist Peter Artedi ( Swede Peter Artedi , 1705-1735). The second part of the compound word forming the genus name is Greek. drako - the dragon is associated with an unusual appearance of the head of fish.
| Artedidraco |
Artedidraco mirus , syntype , male |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
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| International scientific name |
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Artedidraco Lönnberg , 1905 |
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These are typically bottom, mostly relatively shallow small fish with a total length not exceeding 16 cm. They are endemic to the mainly high-latitude zone of the Southern Ocean , distributed mainly in the marginal seas of Antarctica mainly at relatively shallow shelf depths [2] . According to the zoogeographic zoning scheme for Antarctic bottom fishes proposed by A. P. Andriyashev and A. V. Neyelov [5] [6] , the genus is located within the borders of the province of South Georgia, as well as the East Antarctic and West Antarctic provinces of the glacial subregion of the Antarctic region.
In fish of this genus, as in other representatives of the suborder nototeniform, there is no swimming bladder. Like other representatives of the bearded family, these fish have a chin tendril, and the skin is bare, with the exception of bone segments (scales) in two lateral lines. A characteristic feature of these fish, distinguishing them from other members of the family, is the absence of spikes on the gill cover.
They can be found in catches of bottom trawls in the coastal waters of Antarctica and nearby islands, as well as in the stomachs of predatory fish.
Content
In the first dorsal fin, 2–7 soft spines, in the second dorsal fin, 23–30 rays, in the anal fin, 14–19 rays, in the pectoral fin, 16–22 rays; in the dorsal (upper) lateral line, 3–21 tubular scales (in the anterior section) and 0–15 rounded scales (in the posterior section); in the medial (median) lateral line of 9–25 rounded scales; the total number of stamens in the upper part of the first branchial arch is 0-5, in the lower part of the arc is 10-16; the total number of vertebrae is 33–41 [2] [3] .
The first dorsal fin is located above the base of the pectoral fin. The head is relatively small, somewhat compressed from the sides, approximately equal in height and width, or (usually) somewhat higher than wide. There are no spikes on the capillary and axillary bones. Post-temporal bone ridges on the top of the head are not pronounced. The snout is shorter than the horizontal diameter of the orbit. The interorbital space is very narrow. The chin antenna is short or moderate in length, tapering to the tip or with terminal extension. The teeth on the jaws are small, bristle-shaped, numerous, arranged in several rows. There are two lateral lines: the dorsal line with tubular and rounded segments and the medial line with rounded segments. Pleural ribs rudimentary or absent [2] [3] .
The circumpolar-Antarctic range of the genus mainly covers the shelf waters of the marginal seas of Antarctica and the coastal waters of the islands of the southern submarine South Antilles range from South Georgia to the Antarctic Peninsula . Species of the genus are found from the coastal shallow-water zone of the shelf to the deepened part of the shelf and the upper part of the continental slope at depths of 18 to 801 m [2] .
Small species, the maximum total length of which ranges from 11 to 16 cm [2] .
Typically bottom sublittoral species and typical zoophagous benthophages . Polychaetes and various bottom and bottom crustaceans are mainly present in the diet [7] [8] .
There are currently 6 coastal species in the genus [2] [3] :
- Artedidraco glareobarbatus Eastman et Eakin , 1999 [3]
- Artedidraco loennbergi Roule, 1913 - Lönnberg Beard
- Artedidraco mirus Lönnberg, 1905 - An Extraordinary Beard
- Artedidraco orianae Regan, 1914 - Oriana Beard
- Artedidraco shackletoni Waite, 1911 - Shackleton's Beard
- Artedidraco skottsbergi Lönnberg, 1905 - Scottsberg Beard
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 323. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Eakin RR (1990): Artedidraconidae - Plunderfishes. In: O. Gon, PC Heemstra (Eds) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology. Grahamstown, South Africa, P. 332-356.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Eastman J. T., Eakin R. R. (1999): Fishes of the genus Artedidraco (Pisces, Artedidraconidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with the description of a new species and a color morph. Antarctic Science, 11 (1). P. 13-22 .
- ↑ Lönnberg E. (1905): The fishes of the Swedish South Polar Expedition. Wiss. Ergebn. schwed. Sűdpolar Exped. 5 (6). P. 1-69.
- ↑ Andriyashev A.P., Neelov A.V. (1986): Zoogeographic zoning of the Antarctic region (for bottom fish). Atlas of the Antarctic. T. 1. Map .
- ↑ Andriyashev A.P. (1986): General overview of the fauna of the bottom fish of the Antarctic. In: Morphology and distribution of fish in the Southern Ocean. Proceedings of Zool. Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. T. 153.P. 9-44 .
- ↑ Wyanski D. M, Targett T. E. (1981): Feeding biology of fishes in the endemic Antarctic Harpagiferidae. Copeia. No. 3. P. 686–693 .
- ↑ Schwarzbach (1987): Feeding biology of Antarctic pluderfishes (Artedidraconidae) from the Weddell Sea. ICES C. M. 1987 / L21. P. 1-21 .
