Steppe dialects of the Ukrainian language

Map of Ukrainian dialects and dialects ( 2005 ). Range of steppe dialects (6)

Steppe dialects ( Ukrainian: Stepovy Govіr ) are dialects of the southeastern dialect of the Ukrainian language , widespread in southern Ukraine , in some areas of the southern part of European Russia and in southeastern Romania ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] . Together with the Middle Dnieper and Slobozhansky dialects it forms the southeastern dialect , the latest in formation time, the largest in the area of distribution.

It covers the southern regions of the Kirovograd , Dnepropetrovsk , Lugansk regions, Crimea , separate regions (except the western ones) of the Nikolaev and Odessa regions, Zaporizhia , Donetsk , Kherson region; Krasnodar Territory and the western regions of the Rostov Region of Russia , separate dialects in the southeastern part of Romania ( Danube Delta ). It borders on the Central Dnieper dialect in the north, the Slobozhansky dialect in the northeast, the Romanian and Moldavian dialects in the southwest, the Podolian dialect in the northwest, and Russian dialects in the east.

The steppe dialect was actively formed in the XVII - XIX centuries. on the Middle Dnieper and Slobozhansky dialectic, interspersed with dialects of the northern and southwestern types. At different times, he was influenced by Russian, Bulgarian , Moldavian, partially Serbian , Greek , German dialects.

Content

1 Area and boundaries
2 Phonetics
3 Morphology
4 notes
5 Literature

Range and boundaries

In the area of steppe dialects, it is planned to distinguish three dialect areas with fuzzy borders ^[4] :

Dnieper;
western-steppe;
South Bessarabian.

Phonetics

1) shock vocalism is six-phonemic:

і					y;
	and
		e		about
			but

unstressed vocalism is five-phonemic, variable, can have the following typical structures:

і				at
	and ^e (e ^and )		about
		but

і				y;
	and ^e (e ^and )		o ^y
		but

2) moderate stumbling - predominantly before the stressed syllable í, ý in most dialects ( that is ^, bí , zo zl'a ); as opposed to woven hyperic okanie ( ochite ^and l ' );

3) the pronunciation of "i" of different origin as "and" ( ril'á , higýra 'figure');

4) the regular development of “ѧ” as “a”, occasionally as “e”, “and”, “i” ( kold'ez ' , dev'it' );

5) unequal development of “ѣ” - mainly as “i”, occasionally - as “and”, “e”, “o”, “u” ( dirka , tsul'uvati );

6) the relatively rare use of prosthetic consonants ( volitsa , yirzhati , ale ostrii , sa );

7) the softened pronunciation of “ h ' ” ( kurch'á , ch'uzhi );

8) a change in the functional load of individual phonemes: " p ' " - in the Dnieper. dialects ( r'ama ), "r" - in the Western- steppe ( zorá , garachiy ); in some dialects, the use of "f" replaces "hv" ( fality , fist ) and "x" instead of "f" ( junta );

9) unequal development of the combination of labial consonant + j ( health , health );

10) the absence in some word forms of alternation of the rear-lingual consonants r, k, x with hissing and whistling consonants ( on the road , hands );

11) in front of the deaf and at the end of the word, voiced consonants are stunned ( t'áshko , mih 'could');

12) the replacement of “t” by “k” in separate words ( k'isno , k'ísto ).

The emphasis in the steppe dialect is dynamic; a feature of Western dialects is the preservation of the southwestern type of pronouns ( mogo , tvogo ); in some dialects, the stress change is lexicized ( polonik , fortieth , uz'ali ).

Morphology

1) while maintaining the contrast between the hard and soft varieties of the declension of nouns, the pronounced effect of the hard variety on the soft and mixed (date. P. - z'át'ovі , továrishovi , tv. P.

2) in terms of dialects, there is a division in the use of parallel endings of the genus. p. including nouns of I declension: under stress -i ( mountain , nori ), not under stress -i ( hát'i , hmár'і );

3) occasionally in ancient dialects the ancient endings of the genus are preserved. p. including nouns of the III declension ( joy , salt );

4) in tv. p. including nouns of the 1st declension can have parallel endings -oyu , -eyu , -th , -ey ( earthly , soul );

5) the influence of the endings of nouns m. on nouns and cf. R. to the genus. p. h. ( hat'íў , night'íў , ozér'іў , tel'at'іў );

6) parallel endings are widely known in the nouns of the former t-stems: in gender. n. -ati , -at'i , -a ( tel'ati , tel'at'i , tel'a ), dates. n. -u , -atu , -atov'i , tv. n-a, -th , -atom ;

7) parallel endings are peculiar to tv. n. plural nouns ( san'mi - sami , gon'mi - gons );

8) in a number of dialects, the forms of dv. including nouns R. with the numerals two , three , chotiri ( three yam'i , ch'otirirі basketin );

9) the absence in the forms of indirect declensions of the personal pronouns of the prefix “n” ( kolo yeyi , yomu );

10) in the Dnieper dialects are common non- possessive forms of pronouns - my own , my own ;

11) when conjugated, the tendency to maintain the structure of the base is expressed - the final consonants d , t , s , s in the 1st base unit. numbers present vr. mostly do not alternate ( cool , high );

12) the parallel end of the 3rd base unit is possible. h. vr. - occasionally with the final “ t” ”( beat ' , wanders' ), but mainly without the final“ t' ”( slave , nose ).

13) it is possible to use some verbs of the 3rd base pl. h. without bed " t ' " ( bіzhá , sid'á , standá ).

Notes

↑ Pilinsky N. N. The Ukrainian language // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
↑ Zheleznyak M.G. Pivdenno-shіdne narіchchya // Ukrainian Move : Encyclopedia . - Kiev: Ukrainian Encyclopedia, 2000. ISBN 966-7492-07-9 (Retrieved January 5, 2015)
↑ Zhovtobryuh, Moldovan, 2005 , p. 541-542.
↑ Gritsenko P. Yu . Stepovy Govіr // Ukrainian mov: Encyclopedia . - Kiev: Ukrainian Encyclopedia, 2000. ISBN 966-7492-07-9 (Retrieved January 5, 2015)

Literature

Hrytsenko P. Yu. Stepovy Govir // Ukrainian Move: Encyclopedia . - Kiev: Ukrainian Encyclopedia, 2000. ISBN 966-7492-07-9
Bessaraba I.V. Materials for ethnography of the Kherson lips. Pg., 1916;
Berlizov A. A. Vocabulary of Ribbalism in Ukrainian Speaks of the Lower Subnistries. Chernigiv, 1959;
Vashchenko V.S. Linguistic geography of the Dnieper. Dp., 1968;
Gorbach O. Dyalny Vocabulary of Pivnian Dobrudzhan Govir p. Verkhny Dunavets bіlya Tulchі. Munich, 1968;
Gritsenko P. Yu. Modeling of the dialect vocabulary system. K., 1984;
Zhovtobryukh M.A. , Moldovan A.M. East Slavic languages. Ukrainian language // Languages of the world. Slavic languages . - Moscow: Academia , 2005. - S. 513-548. - ISBN 5-87444-216-2 .
Mirtov A.V. Ukrainians on the Don. - Rostov-on-Don, 1930 .-- 72 p.
Moskalenko A. A. Dictionaries of dialectism in Ukrainian dialects of Odessa Oblast, Odessa, 1958;
Popovskiy A.M. The Significance of the Ukrainian Stepan Speech in Formal Literary and National Movies. Dp., 1989;
Ukrainian scholarship. D., 1998;
Robchuk I. Studi і statti. Bucharest, 1999;
Uzhchenko V. , Uzhchenko D. Phraseological dictionary of scholarship and stepbooks of Donbas. Lugansk, 2000;
Chabanenko V.A. Phraseological Dictionary of the Lower Naddnipryanschina. Zaporizhzhia, 2001;
Atlas of Ukrainian Movies, vol. 3.K., 2001.

[Украинский_язык._ЛЭС-1] Pilinsky N. N. The Ukrainian language // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .

[Південно-східне_наріччя-2] Zheleznyak M.G. Pivdenno-shіdne narіchchya // Ukrainian Move : Encyclopedia . - Kiev: Ukrainian Encyclopedia, 2000. ISBN 966-7492-07-9 (Retrieved January 5, 2015)

[_b05c25bdb01af573-3] Zhovtobryuh, Moldovan, 2005 , p. 541-542.

[4] Gritsenko P. Yu . Stepovy Govіr // Ukrainian mov: Encyclopedia . - Kiev: Ukrainian Encyclopedia, 2000. ISBN 966-7492-07-9 (Retrieved January 5, 2015)