Johann Georg Neidhardt (Neidhardt, lat. Neidhardus ; c. 1685, Bernstadt (Lower Silesia ) - January 1, 1739, Koenigsberg ) - German music theorist, organist and composer.
| Johann Georg Neidhardt | |
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| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Bernstadt, Silesia , Prussia |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | |
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| Professions | music theorist, organist, composer |
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Along with A. Werkmeister, he dealt with problems of musical temperament . Among others, he calculated 3 uneven temperaments and (one) uniform, which caused different "soul movements" ( German: Gemüths-Bewegungen / Gemüths-Regungen ). From here followed the recommendations of Neidhardt for their application (respectively) “for the village”, “for a small town”, “for a big city” and, finally, for use “at court”:
Despite the fact that the main sound (sonus fundamentalis) [3] of the fret is either higher or lower, the harmonic triad (Trias Harmonica) [4] also changes, from which more than a double movement of the soul should undoubtedly arise [5] . Well, doesn’t this show too clearly in favor of uniform temperament, which boasts a very special charm? In my opinion, the first [temperament] is best and in most cases suitable for the village, the second for the town, the third for the city, and the fourth for the court [aristocrats].
- Neidhardt. Division of the Harmonic Canon (1724), p.20 [6] .
In a later treatise ("Mathematically exhaustive division ... of the canon-monochord", 1732), Neidhardt again limited the use of uneven temperaments to "village", "town" and "city" (S.40). Convenience (first of all, the possibility of a smooth, acoustically uniform sound of various instruments [including an organ] and voices in the ensemble) and the inconvenience that uniform temperament brings with it, Neidhardt metaphorically compared with the pros and cons of marriage (Ehestand, S.41). Fully aware of its acoustic (“harmonic”) imperfection, Neidhardt nevertheless assessed uniform temperament as “useful” and specifically “musical”, that is, most suitable for the music of his time:
Thus, my uniform temperament belongs to the field of the Musical, which is directly characteristic of our music - I write with full responsibility “Musical”, and not “Harmonic”.
- Neidhardt. Division ... of the canon monochord (1732), p.51 [7] .
Neidhardt is the author of choral works (not published), polyphonic compositions on the texts of psalms , Protestant spiritual songs .
Notes
- ↑ CERL Thesaurus - A consortium of European science libraries .
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 12964594X // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ The main tone of the triad.
- ↑ i.e. triad - large or small tonal fret (see. Key ).
- ↑ The “double movement of the soul” (doppelte Gemüths-Bewegung), obviously, refers to the duality of the harmonic triad - two triads, in modern ETM known as “major” and “minor”, i.e. big and small, with which ancient music theorists associated various ethical characteristics . “As for both thirds, it is well known that their different beats cause various movements of the soul (Gemüths-Regungen)” (Neidhardt. ... Division ... of the monochord canon [1732], S.21.)
- ↑ Außer dem daß sonus fundamentalis eines Modi bald höher bald tiefer ist, so verändert sich zugleich die Trias Harmonica, woraus ohnfehlbar eine mehr als doppelte Gemüths-Bewegung entstehen muß. Jedoch heißt dieses nicht der gleich-schwebenden etwas zu nahe gesprochen, welche sich einer gantz besonderen Anmuth rühmen kann? Meines Erachtens shickt sich die Erste mehrentheils am besten vor ein Dorff, die Andre vor eine kleine Stadt, die Dritte vor eine Große, und die Vierte vor den Hof.
- ↑ Meine [gleich schwebende Stimmung] gehöret also recht eigenthümlich in unser Musicalisches (ich schreibe mit allem Bedachte "Musicalisches", nicht "Harmonicalisches") Reich.
Theoretical works
- The best and easiest temperament of the monochord (Beste und leichteste Temperatur des Monochordi). Jena, 1706.
- Division of the harmonic canon, to achieve absolute correctness in the birth of the melody (Sectio Canonis Harmonici, zur völligen Richtigkeit der Generum Modulandi). Königsberg, 1724.
- Mathematically exhaustive division of the diatonic-chromatic temperamental monochord canon (Gäntzlich erschöpfte mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi). Königsberg, 1732; 2nd ed., 1734; Latin translation 1735.
- A system of diatonic-chromatic genus <...> and uniform temperament (Systema generis diatonico-chromatici <...> atque temperamenti aequalis). Regiomonti, 1734.
Literature
- Güttler H. Königsbergs Musikkultur im 18. Jahrhundert. Königsberg, 1925.
- Zubov A.Yu. Neidhardt // Big Russian Encyclopedia . T.22. Moscow, 2014, p. 289-290.