Nosilov, Konstantin Dmitrievich

Konstantin Nosilov was born on October 17 ( 29 ), 1858 in the family of priest Dmitry Ivanov (son) Nosilov in the village of Maslyansky, Krestovsky volost, Shadrinsky district, Perm province , now the village is the administrative center of the Maslyansky village council of the Shadrinsky district of the Kurgan region . His great-grandfather, Vasily Iosifov son from 1801 to 1803, served as a priest of the Assumption Church in the village of Nosilovo (Nasilovo, Uspensky) of the Pronsky District of the Ryazan Province ^[1] . The surname went from the name of the village. Another great-grandfather, deacon Andrei Sergeyev, son Perov was also a teacher of the children of clergy, his father was a priest of the village of Pervo (Feathers) in the Kasimov district of the same province, Sergei Fedorov. The elder brother of Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov Gennady Dmitrievich Nosilov worked as a zemstvo veterinarian in the Ryazan province ^[2] .

From childhood, he was familiar with books, his grandfather, a priest in the village of Krivsky in the Krivsky volost of the Shadrinsky district (now in the Dalmatovsky district of the Kurgan region ) had a telescope and made astronomical observations at night with his grandson ^[3] .

In 1868 ^{[4] he} was sent to study at a religious school at the Dalmatian Holy Assumption Monastery , then to the Perm Theological Seminary , from where he was expelled in 1877 for “non-observance” and for speaking out against the strictness of the state regime ^[5] .

In 1877 he left for the Northern Urals, where he worked as a geologist at a factory. Most likely, KD Nosilov underwent geological training at the German von Tal mountain steiger. There Nosilov writes articles that are published in the Mining Journal. June 14, 1879 the journalistic debut of KD Nosilov in the newspaper "Yekaterinburg Week" ^[6] .

In 1879, he participated in an expedition to the Lialu River as a geologist ^[7] .

In 1882, Nosilov presented to the Russian Imperial Geographical Society a project of an expedition to the Northern Urals to study the river basins of Northern Sosva and Sylva . In these expeditions, Konstantin Dmitrievich seriously engaged in ethnography of the North. He studies the life of Khanty and Samoyeds (Nenets) . He conducted experimental crops of cereals and vegetables in Saranpaul . Upon completion of the work, significant collections were transferred to the Museum of the Mining Institute in Yekaterinburg , to St. Petersburg University , and maps and materials on hydrography and meteorology to the Russian Geographical Society .

In 1883, Konstantin Dmitrievich was elected a corresponding member of the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers .

January 14, 1884 admitted to the member-staff of the Russian Geographical Society . He worked on the study of the possibility of transport links through the rivers of the Urals.

In 1886, he made his first trip abroad, which included visits to Palestine , Egypt and Turkey .

In the second half of the 19th century, for the Arkhangelsk industrialists there was a question of preserving the northern industries. The position of Norway made impossible the extraction and exploration of the Barents and Kara Seas. Up to thirty Norwegian vessels were fishing annually off the western coast of Novaya Zemlya , using a natural advantage - the lack of ice in the Barents Sea , and the Pomors were forced to wait another two months to wait for the release of the White Sea . By the 1880s, the Norwegians knew better the conditions for swimming in these waters, compiled coastal maps. Therefore, for Russia, the development of the North is becoming a political task.

Wintering in Novaya Zemlya occupied a special place in Nosilov’s life. The first two were in 1887 - 1888 at Malye Karmakuly station, while this station, built in September 1882 under the program of the international polar year, was the only Russian settlement on the islands of Novaya Zemlya. The government doubted whether it was worth keeping the station there, since it did not pay for itself. The expedition of Konstantin Nosilov was to confirm the possibility of wintering and the existence of this station. Its liquidation could lead to a loss of control over the islands and their capture by the Norwegians.

For the first time, K.D. Nosilov arrived on the archipelago by the ship "Grand Duke Vladimir" of the Arkhangelsk-Murmansk express shipping company on June 19, 1887 . On the coast of Moller Bay, he settled in the house of the station of the Rescue Society on the Waters. Together with the priest Father Jonah, sent here by the Archangel diocese, sailors and several Nenets, Konstantin Dmitrievich restored the chapel in the Malye Karmakuly camp, damaged by a hurricane, which was one of the factors attracting Russian industrialists from Arkhangelsk to the island. During these winterings, Nosilov investigated the coast of the Barents Sea, the migration of animals, and studied the life of Samoyed families resettled there.

September 16, 1887 went with one Samoyed to the ridge of Novaya Zemlya to cross it, cutting the island, and go out to the gulf of gr. Litke, to the Kara Sea. We returned to the colony at the end of September.

In the winter of 1887/1888 , Nosilov, along the Barents Sea coast, reaches the Serebryanka Bay, located in the southwest of the North Island , behind the Matochkin Shar Strait.

In April 1888, Nosilov visited the Kara coast of the South Island , studying the local fauna.

In July 1888, Nosilov traveled to the mainland, and a month and a half later returned, taking with him three Russian Pomeranian residents, who, learning about the existence of the church in our winter quarters, willingly went for the winter.

In the spring of 1889, with two Nenets on dog teams, he made an almost thousand-kilometer crossing. The path also went along the North Island, until then no one visited from Maly Karmakul to the bays of Kankrin, Chekina, Medvezhy and Unknown. Landscapes, coasts were described, geological descriptions were compiled. None of this has survived. Subsequently, the objects were rediscovered and renamed again. Nosilov discovered the remains of idolatry among Samoyed immigrants. Although they were all baptized, during the winter fishery they set idols (for example, Ephraim the idol) and sacrificed either a deer or a dog to them.

The traveler’s pride was the “northernmost school” for local children, which he opened in 1889 at the Karmakul station.

Nosilov’s third wintering in 1890-1891 took place on the banks of the Matochkin Shar Strait, where he erects a meteorological house brought from Arkhangelsk , called “Nosilov’s hut”. There were regular meteorological observations, transitions were made from this station to the Kara Sea and to the North Island, which was the first to cross, opening a convenient through valley. After 20 years, she was also "rediscovered." Nosilov also made the first scientific descriptions of the Novaya Zemlya fox population.

In 1892, he studied the Ural beaver in the upper Konda River.

In 1893, Nosilov observed the Nenets at the height of their summer activities. To the north of Obdorsk the route ran along the lower reaches of the Ob, and on the same expedition visited Yamal , climbing the Shchuchya river. On deer reached the upper Sigva.

In 1894 - 1895, for two semesters, he attended lectures at the Sorbonne ( Paris , France). He also studied with the famous geographer and traveler Jacques Elise Reclus .

In 1895, on the Iset River , 10 kilometers from Shadrinsk, Nosilov built a cottage, which he called "Find". Here he wrote many works that were published in newspapers and magazines, published in separate collections.

A close acquaintance with everyday life, customs, and knowledge of the Samoyed language was reflected in the books and essays of Konstantin Nosilov. Nosilov's ethnographic articles, his essays and stories attracted the attention of numerous readers. They were published in various newspapers and magazines, published in separate collections. Konstantin Dmitrievich was a correspondent for the Russian Telegraph Agency, collaborated in several all-Russian and Ural newspapers. He corresponded with D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak , A.P. Chekhov , I.M. Pervushin , F. Nansen .

As you know, Nosilov was one of the first in Russia to use a camera for scientific research of the north ^{[8] [9]} .

In 1897, he again explored the lower reaches of the Ob on deer.

In 1898, a deer expedition to the Yuribey River.

In 1900-1901, Konstantin Dmitrievich was a correspondent for the New Time newspaper in Manchuria and Mongolia .

Quite vast areas were examined by Nosilov in 1902 , Cape Mare-Sale, Litke Island, and the Shchuchye River. The main attention is again focused on the Nenets population. In addition, Nosilov studied the ancient Mangazeyan course of Pomors.

In 1904 he was on the Russian-Japanese front .

In 1908 he travels to the Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan, the White Sea. In subsequent years, he was actively involved in the transport development of the North and Siberia - the laying of a railway line to Shadrinsk (1911), the organization of a river caravan route through the Yamal Peninsula (1914-1916), and the construction of a railway to the city of Romanov (Murmansk) (1916).

In 1916, he was the organizer of an expedition to the Yamal and the Ob North. The most important task is the arrangement of ports at Cape Yamsale and Mare-Sale. According to the plan of Konstantin Dmitrievich, a waterway was to be arranged from the mouth of the Salet River to Lake Talen-To. Then the channel to the Yuribey River with the device of locks. Under the project, the involvement of the path was to begin by 1918-1920. However, revolutionary events did not allow the idea to be developed.

The revolutionary events of 1917-1918 forced the writer to leave his usual place of residence. He sold the Nakhodka cottage in the vicinity of Shadrinsk and moved to Ust-Kamenogorsk in 1918 . In 1920 he moved to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, to Abkhazia.

In 1920, the Soviet government became interested in its northern projects and, in turn, organized an expedition, for which Nosilov was invited to Moscow to prepare an expedition to Yamal.

In 1923, from Yamal, Konstantin Dmitrievich returned to his family in Abkhazia. The children were sick with malaria. He soon became ill.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov died on February 3, 1923 in the m. Pilenkovo , SSR Abkhazia (now the town of Tsandrypsh of the Gagra region of Abkhazia , but Georgia believes that this is the town of Gantiadi of the Gagra municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia of Georgia ). The grave has not been preserved.

In 2019, at the cemetery of the village. Tsandripsh K.D. Nosilov installed a monument from the grateful residents of the Shadrinsky district with dates of birth and death

Named after K. D. Nosilov:

• Mountain on the southwest coast of Matochkina Shara (height 640 m). Called in April 1925 the commission of the SGE.
• A creek flowing into the hall. Chekina in the east of the North Island of Novaya Zemlya. Named in 1901 by A. A. Borisov.
• Street in the village of Maslyansky, Shadrinsky district, Kurgan region
• Children and youth library in the city of Shadrinsk.
• In October 2018, by the decision of the Shadrinsk District Duma, the name of K.D. Nosilova assigned MCOU "Maslyanskaya secondary school of the Shadrinsky district of the Kurgan region" ^[10] . The museum room of the school has an exposition dedicated to the biography of K.D. Nosilov, stored photographs of the parents and relatives of the traveler ^[11] .

The “Strana” film company commissioned the Federal Agency for Culture and Cinematography in 2006 to create the documentary film “The Tsar’s Clerk” (director T. M. Vasilieva).

The territory of the cottage "Nakhodka" is declared an object of cultural heritage. On the territory of the Nakhodka cottage, the Charity Fund for Proper Hunting installed a memorial to K.D. Nosilov (2007) and restored the chapel of St. George the Victorious (2008) [1] .

2018 in the Shadrinsky district was declared the Year of Konstantin Nosilov ^[12] .

In October 2018, a monument was erected in Abkhazia at the burial place of K. D. Nosilov.

• Nosilov, K. D. Sy Ob on Pechora. - SPb. : Sodalnaya type., 1892. - P. 15. ^[13]
• Nosilov, K. D. The Russian colony and the first temple at the extreme north. - SPb. : Type of. A.S. Suvorin, 1884. - S. 9. ^[14]
• Nosilov, K. D. Traveling to the Yalmal Peninsula. - SPb. : Sodalnaya type., 1894. - S. 20. ^[15]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 2nd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Children reading”, 1900. - S. 170. ^[16]
• Nosilov, K. D. On the hunt. Essays and stories. - M .: ed. zhur. “Children's Reading”, 1900. - P. 90. ^[17]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of northern aliens. - M .: ed. zhur. “Children reading” and “Teacher. listok ", 1901. - S. 30. ^[18]
• Nosilov, K. D. On the New Earth. Essays and sketches. - SPb. : A.S. Suvorin, 1903. - S. 327. ^[19]
• Nosilov, K. D. Among our foreigners. Essays and sketches. - SPb. : ed. journal Rodnik, 1903. - S. 126. ^[20]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 2nd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Children reading” and “Teacher. listok ", 1903. - S. 170. ^[21]
• Nosilov, K. D. Yudik. Story out the life of the Samoyeds on the New Earth. - M .: type. Islands of the distribution of useful books, rent. IN AND. Voronov, 1903. - S. 56. ^[22]
• Nosilov, K. D. In the mountains of Khingan. From recent events in Manchuria. - M .: type. Islands of the distribution of useful books, rent. IN AND. Voronov, 1904. - 32 p. ^[23]
• Nosilov, K. D. U vogulov. Essays and drafts. - St. Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin, 1904. - S. 255. ^[24]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 3rd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Children reading” and “Teacher. listok ", 1904. - S. 168. ^[25]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 4th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia" and "Teacher. listok ", 1907. - S. 168. ^[26]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of northern aliens. - 2nd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia", 1907. - S. 32. ^[27]
• Nosilov, K. D. Golden Time. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1908. - S. 140. ^[28]
• Nosilov, K. D. In the Wild North. Collection of stories. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1908. - T. 1. - S. 115. ^[29]
• Nosilov, K. D. In the Wild North. Collection of stories. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia," 1908. - T. 2. - S. 111. ^[29]
• Nosilov, K. D. Въ лѣсахъ. Stories and essays. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia" and "Teacher. listok ", 1910. - S. 70. ^[30]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 5th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia" and "Teacher. listok ", 1910. - S. 168. ^[31]
• Nosilov, K. D. In the mountains of Khingan. Of the events in Manchuria in 1900 - M .: Tipo-lit. Of the Russian t-va, 1911. - 32 p. ^[32]
• Nosilov, K. D. Woe-angler. - SPb. : N. Morev, Reading room Schools, 1911. - S. 26. ^[33]
• Nosilov, K. D. On a whaling ship. From a trip to the north. - SPb. : N. Morev, Reading room School, 1911. - S. 30. ^[34]
• Nosilov, K. D. On the hunt. Essays and stories. - 2nd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1911. - P. 93. ^[35]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 3rd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia", 1911. - S. 29. ^[36]
• Nosilov, K. D. Yudik. Story out the life of the Samoyeds on the New Earth. - M .: type. Russian t-va, 1911. - S. 48. ^[37]
• Nosilov, K. D. Yudik. Story out the life of the Samoyeds on the New Earth. - 2nd ed. - M .: "School bk", 1911. - S. 48. ^[38]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 6th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1912. - S. 174. ^[39]
• Nosilov, K. D. Beyond the Arctic Circle. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia", 1912. - S. 118. ^[40]
• Nosilov, K. D. U rybakov and zvrolovov north. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1912. - S. 136. ^[41]
• Nosilov, K. D. Golden Time. - 2nd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1913. - P. 112. ^[42]
• Nosilov, K. D. History of a polar wintering. Tell the story. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1913. - S. 44. ^[43]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 4th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1913. - S. 29. ^[44]
• Nosilov, K. D. On the hunt. Essays and stories. - 3rd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia," 1914. - S. 94. ^[45]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories for children 1 Sat .. - M. Publishing House = ed. zhur. "Young Russia", 1914. - S. 67. ^[46]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories for children 2 Sat .. - M. Publishing House = ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1914. - S. 106. ^[47]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 5th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1914. - S. 29. ^[48]
• Nosilov, K. D. God's people. Stories. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1915. - P. 40. ^[49]
• Nosilov, K. D. Въ лѣсахъ. Stories and essays. - 3rd ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1915. - S. 72. ^[50]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 8th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia,” 1915. - S. 174. ^[51]
• Nosilov, K. D. Zolotyya rivochki. Sketch of the gold industry. - M .: “Protalinka”, 1915. - S. 47. ^[52]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 6th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1915. - S. 29. ^[53]
• Nosilov, K. D. The Savages. Stories. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1915. - S. 74. ^[54]
• Nosilov, K. D. Yudik. Story out the life of the Samoyeds on the New Earth. - 3rd ed. - M .: "School bk" and the journal. “Family and School”, 1915. - S. 48. ^[55]
• Nosilov, K. D. In the mountains of Khingan. From the events in Manchuria in 1900. - 3rd ed. - M .: "School bk" and the journal. “Family and School”, 1916. - 32 p. - (School bk). ^[56]
• Nosilov, K. D. Stories and essays on the life of northern foreigners. - 9th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1916. - S. 174. ^[57]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 7th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia," 1916. - S. 29. ^[58]
• Nosilov, K. D. Въ лѣсахъ. Stories and essays. - M .: ed. zhur. “Young Russia”, 1917. - S. 72. ^[59]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. Tell the life of the Samoyeds. - 8th ed. - M .: ed. zhur. "Young Russia", 1917. - S. 29. ^[60]
• Nosilov, K. D. Tanya Logay. - M.-L.: State. Publishing House, 1928. - P. 40. - 15,000 copies. ^[61]
• Nosilov, K. D. Northern Stories. - Sverdlovsk: Sverdlgiz, 1937. - S. 269. - 10,000 copies. ^[62]
• Nosilov, K. D. Northern Stories. - 2nd ed. - Sverdlovsk: Sverdlgiz, 1938. - S. 304. - 10,000 copies. ^[63]
• Nosilov, K. D. Brave Tanya. - Sverdlovsk: Sverdlgiz, 1942. - S. 11. ^[64]
• Nosilov, K. D. Northern Stories. - L .: Detgiz, 1959.- S. 111. - 200,000 copies. ^[65]
• Nosilov, K. D. U vogulov. - Shadrinsk: PO Iset, 1993. - S. 47. - 1600 copies. - ISBN 5-7142-0026-8 . ^[66]
• Nosilov, K. D. On Novaya Zemlya. Essays and drafts. - Tyumen: SoftDesign, 1997 .-- S. 368. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-88709-079-0 . ^[67]

• Omelchuk, A.K. K. Nosilov. - Sverdlovsk: Sred.-Ural. Prince Publishing House, 1989. - S. 237. - 13,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7529-0167-7 . ^[one]
• Osintsev, L.P. Writer and geographer Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov. - Chelyabinsk: South.-Uralsk. Prince ed., 1974. - S. 24. - 5000 copies. ^[2]
• Osintsev, L.P. Nosilov dachas. - Kurgan: Periodicals, 1993. - S. 105. - 10,000 copies. ^[3]

1. ↑ Russian National Library, St. Petersburg
2. ↑ Russian National Library, St. Petersburg
3. ↑ Russian National Library, St. Petersburg