Vitaliy Ivanovich Danilov (April 10, 1902, Yellow - March 19, 1954, Kiev ) - Soviet physicist , professor , academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences , laureate of the Stalin Prize .
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| Place of Birth | Yellow Slavyanoserbsky district , Lugansk region , Russian empire | |||
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| Scientific field | physics , fluid X-ray, and the physical theory of crystallization | |||
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| Academic rank | Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR | |||
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Biography
He was born on April 10, 1902 in the village of Zheltoye (now Lugansk Region ) in the family of a teacher. After receiving secondary education at the Ekaterinoslav gymnasium, he worked as a teacher and director of a rural school.
In 1923 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Dnipropetrovsk Institute of Public Education , after which from 1926 to 1930 he worked as an assistant in the Department of Physics of the Dnipropetrovsk Mining Institute .
He participated in the research group of the Physical-Chemical-Mathematical Institute under the direction of A.E. Malinovsky, was one of his first graduate students at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Physical Chemistry . From 1930 to 1935, he was the head of the Department of Physics at the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Chemical Technology (which was created on the basis of the DGI).
In 1931 he took an active part in the creation of the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Physics and Technology, where he founded the crystallization laboratory, which he headed until 1944 in Dnepropetrovsk , and in evacuation, in Magnitogorsk , in Moscow (after transferring the DFTI there and turning it into the Institute of Materials Science and Metal Physics) .
Since 1933, head of the Department of Experimental Physics, DGU. In 1934 he received the title of professor. In 1936 he organized a new department of molecular physics, which he headed until 1941. From 1935 to 1941 he headed the Laboratory of Molecular Physics, DGU. In 1937-1938 he was dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
In 1940, at the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR named after P.N. Lebedeva defended his doctoral dissertation. He was awarded a diploma of the People's Commissariat of Ukraine.
During the war years, in evacuation, he directed physical studies of defense purposes. Since 1946, he headed the crystallization department of the Laboratory of Metal Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, in 1951-1954 he was the director of the Laboratory of Metal Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (which was transformed into the Institute of Metal Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR). In 1945 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, since 1951 he was an academician, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
For many years he was the supervisor and mentor of scientists at the Faculty of Physics of the DSU.
He died on March 19, 1954 in Kiev. He was buried at the Lukyanovsky cemetery (plot number 21, row 12, place 1).
Scientific work
V.I. Danilov owns more than a hundred printed works, including monographs and textbooks. Among them: “X-ray scattering in liquids”, “Structure and crystallization of a liquid”, and others.
Scientific Achievements
Vitaliy Ivanovich Danilov is the founder of a new direction in world science - liquid radiography (radiographic studies of the atomic structure of liquid metals) and the founder of the Soviet scientific school of physicists from the areas of liquid radiography and the physical theory of crystallization. He found out the essence of the phenomenon of nucleation of crystallization centers and the influence of various factors on this process, discovered the phenomena of activation and deactivation of impurities that determine the kinetics of crystallization, formulated the theory of liquids, in particular metals and alloys in the liquid state, and developed a number of methods for studying their atomic and molecular structure. He formulated a criterion for spontaneous crystallization and constructed a classification of liquids with their tendency to hypothermia.
Rewards
He was awarded the Order of the Red Star according to the results of work to improve the properties of military steels and the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." In 1950, the Stalin Prize was awarded for work in the field of liquid crystallization. In 1952 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
Literature
- Hramov Yu. A. Danilov Vitaliy Ivanovich // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 97 .-- 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (per.)