Tersky, Victor Nikolaevich

Victor Nikolaevich was born in 1898 in a family of impoverished noblemen. According to data cited in 1991, OS Kael (a famous teacher and co-author of VN Tersky), this happened on November 7 ^[3] . He studied in real, and then in an agricultural school. He grew up in a cultured and educated family. From his father, he inherited a love of reading, collecting wise thoughts, games , puzzles , and much more, which later came in handy for him in club and circle work.

He was one of the students of I.E. Repin at the art academy.

He participated in the civil war . His first “cultural undertakings” were carried out already at that time among his fellow soldiers, which is briefly mentioned in the book [3]. He was wounded, received a serious lung disease.

After he changed several works. At one of them, in the homeless reception center, I learned from the latter that in Ukraine there is an unusual colony under the leadership of Makarenko and went to him.

V. N. Tersky said that when he entered the colony, Anton Semyonovich asked him: “Have you been with us for a while or for a lifetime?” If for a while, then I do not advise ” ^[4] .

So, at the age of 26, Victor Tersky came to Anton Semenovich and worked with him until the close of the commune. F.E.Dzerzhinsky. In the field of club activities V.N. Tersky headed in the Colony. Gorky "Workshop of Fine Arts", where the word "Fine Arts" quickly began to be understood not only as "fine art", but also as "invention", and then expanded further. Soon this workshop in the business documents of the Colony them. Gorky has already become known as the “free workshop”, where, in addition to the actual drawing, they were engaged in modeling (for example, making paper models of regular geometric bodies ), making intelligible and artistically decorated announcements, posters, and slogans for the holidays (sometimes already in Kuryazh , and for many institutions nearby Kharkov , for example, before May 1), a wall newspaper, sports and household equipment for colonists and communards, toys and games, including their own invention ... Some of them, for example, are many floor chess and complex (physical training + quick-witted training) game “Throat” V.N. Tersky describes in sufficient detail in [3].

Viktor Nikolaevich was a jack of all trades. A wonderful artist, wonderful actor, creator of fairy tales, improvisation games, inventor of devices, he knew how to handle all existing instruments, knew the rules of all games, was familiar with the device of all machines. Great drafts player, the best angler of the area. Tersky was the head of the cyclists section, coached young sambo wrestlers. Together with the guys, he issued wall newspapers 20 meters long, and also took part in the production of performances, where he also performed female roles. ^[five]

Already in the years of cooperation with A.S. Makarenko V.N. Tersky seeks to collect and systematize the experience and techniques of successful club and club work, prepares a handwritten book “Interesting” for students and carries out all the drawings and drawings for it (some of them are given in [3]). Under the conditions of constant criticism of Makarenko’s activities by the “pedagogical Olympus” (now it’s possible to clarify what is under the direction of N.K. Krupskaya) to publish his book in pedagogical publishers V.N. Tersky for a long time and after that (until 1959) was not possible.

After the closure of the Commune. F.E. Dzerzhinsky as an educational institution (the established factories continued their work), Viktor Nikolaevich worked as head teacher at the Barybinsky orphanage in the Moscow region (from May 20, 1939 to November 1, 1940 he was headed by S. A. Kalabalin ), during the Great Patriotic War he was evacuated to the Urals . Upon his return to Moscow, V. N. Tersky worked as a methodologist in the Central House of Children of Railway Workers. This is a children's extracurricular institution of national importance, designed to help railway schools and clubs throughout the country, from 1942 (immediately after the defense of the dissertation at Moscow State University ) to 1947, it was headed by Olga Sergeevna Kel, an educated and responsible teacher and organizer. Then she met V.N. Tersky, later developed into a long pedagogical and creative collaboration.

However, in Moscow, V.N. There was no Tersk apartment, and he was soon forced to leave the capital. First, he was invited to work in one of the children's colonies in Lithuania, and then as a teacher in an orphanage and high school in the city of Znamensk, Kaliningrad Region. There he taught drawing, sketching, work and part-time singing. At the same time, he continued to conduct very informative and interesting extracurricular activities, the experience of which was recognized as the best and was offered for use by schools and orphanages throughout the Kaliningrad region ^[6] .

In 1947, O.S. Kael invited to the post of senior scientist Institute of History and Theory of Pedagogy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in 1950 by V.N. Tersky by mail resumes their communication and cooperation. In those years, for the first time in the USSR, boarding schools were created and in connection with this a whole series of relevant research tasks were set. Through the directorate of the institute, Viktor Nikolayevich receives an invitation to participate in this scientific work, in particular, in Moscow boarding school No. 12, created on the basis of school No. 545.

School Director, Honored Teacher of the RSFSR V.P. Ilyin, managed to gather at the school a team of enthusiasts, innovative teachers, among whom were such famous teachers as B.P. Nikitin , V.K. Dyachenko, G.V. Vorobyov and others. In the laboratory created at the boarding school under the scientific supervision of the President of the Academy of Applied Sciences of the USSR I.A. Kairov, much attention was paid to extracurricular work, for the organization and study of which O.S. Kael and V.N. Tersky.

Here they hold a long (in the school year) "Competition of ingenuity", which involves most of the students and teachers, which contributes to a very noticeable awakening and increase interest and success in learning and in general cognitive activity of students. It was during these years that the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published the first book of V. N. Tersky, “Club classes and games in practice, A. S. Makarenko ”(Moscow: Publishing House of the APN of the RSFSR, 1959), reprinted in the USSR (1961), and also soon appeared in the GDR (1962), and then in Hungary (1964).

The next stage in the joint research work of V.N. Tersky and O.S. Kael was conducting a pilot study at Moscow school No. 315 (the director in those years was G.R. Cherepashinets) in the direction "Development of independence and creative activity of schoolchildren" under the guidance of academicians of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences E.I. Monozone and M.N. Skatkina .

The results of the study were published in the collection "Development of the independence and creative activity of schoolchildren" ^[7] . And on the basis of school No. 315, the Central IPK of leading workers in public education later held an All-Union workshop on extracurricular activities. For its carrying out V.N. Tersky was called from Znamensk to Moscow. V.N. Tersky tried in every possible way to promote the educational and educational experience of Makarenko and remind him of himself, including in interesting articles published in the 50-60s in the magazines “Counselor”, “ Public Education ”, “ Soviet Pedagogy ” and others, as well as in “ Teacher's Newspaper ”, “ Komsomolskaya Pravda ”, “ Pioneer Truth ” ^[8] , to Makarenko’s anniversaries (far from always celebrated by the “general public”, as it, for example, “went unnoticed” in 1963, to the 75th anniversary of Anton Semenovich).

Considering that practical skills cannot be conveyed only in words, that joint work is needed here, a show, concrete explanations, business conversations are needed ^[9] , V.N. Tersky paid much attention to speaking with workshops on drawing, extra-curricular club work for pioneer leaders, educators and teachers, in teacher training institutes, palaces and houses of pioneers in a number of cities of the country: Kaliningrad , Moscow, Perm , and many cities of Moldova. On the basis of abstracts for these classes he prepared the book “Counselor, you are a teacher!” ^[10] , which was later reprinted twice (in 1975 and 1984), with the participation and introduction of OS Kael.

Some of these undertakings, for example, the production of a film about the system of circle work by Makarenko according to V.N. Unfortunately, the Terek scenario was never realized ^[11]

The last printed work of V.N. Tersky turned out to be written together with O.S. Kael’s book [3], published in 1966 after Viktor Nikolayevich left. Its main content was actually the work of V.N. Tersky, dedicated to the system, principles and examples of club work in teams at hand. A.S. Makarenko. Together with O.S. Kael was written by ch. 3 (out of four in the book), Olga Sergeevna also accompanied the book with a detailed introduction, additions and explanations.

Subsequently, O.S. Kel repeatedly appeared in pedagogical publications with articles devoted to V.N. Tersky and his pedagogical experience, tracked and noted the successes of other Macarenologists. So, precisely thanks to her publication in the “Teacher’s Newspaper” on the defense of V.V. Kumarin in 1968 G.M. Kubrakov (from the city of Mamlyutka in the north at that time of the Kazakh SSR) was able to get to know both this work and its author a little later, and thereby clarify a number of important issues for introducing the Makarenko system in his boarding school.

Recent years V.N. Tersky lived and worked in the city of Znamensk, Kaliningrad Region, where a grateful memory remained for many years. In 1965 he was sent for treatment to Moscow, where he died of an illness on July 4, 1965. He was buried in the columbarium of the cemetery of the Danilovsky Monastery in Moscow ^[12] .

(Given according to the electronic catalog of the RSL ) ^[13]

1. Tersky V.N. Club classes and games in practice A. S. Makarenko [Text]. - Moscow: Acad. ped sciences of the RSFSR, 1959. - 159 p., 1 det. l silt : ill .; 20 cm. - (Pioneer and Komsomol work at school / Academic ped. Sciences of the RSFSR. Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy).
2. Tersky V.N., Kel O.S. The game "Competition of ingenuity" at school [Text]: (Experience of a boarding school) / Acad. ped sciences of the RSFSR. Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy. - Moscow: Acad. ped sciences of the RSFSR, 1960. - 88 p. : ill .; 20 cm
3. Tersky V.N., Kel O.S. A game. Creation. A life. M .: Education, 1966, 303 p.
4. V. Tersky. Counselor, you are a teacher! / 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1984. - 78 p .; 20 cm. - (For those who work with pioneers) (counselor's box).
5. Wiktor Terski. Klubarbeit und Spiele bei AS Makarenko [Text] / Deutsch. von Dieter Pommerenke. - Berlin: Volk und Wissen, 1962 .-- 145 p .; 1 liter silt : ill .; 22 cm
6. V. Tyerszkij. A klubmunka és a játék Makarenko közösségében [Text] / Ford. Horváth György. - [Budapest]: Tankönyvkiadó, 1964. - 244 p .; 19 cm.

Mention of V.N. Terskoy and his successful circle and educational activities are given in a number of works related to the description of the experience of A.S. Makarenko, his associates and followers, including:

• Makarenko A.S. Pedagogical poem (all editions). In this book, V.N. Tersky, like other main characters, is named with a slightly changed surname - V.N. Persian.
• Makarenko A.S. Flags on the towers (all editions).
• Konisevich L.V. We were brought up by Makarenko. under the scientific. ed. Ph.D. Opalikhina V.M. - Chelyabinsk: IYU, 1993
• Balabanovich E.Z. Makarenko: a man and a writer . Moscow: Moscow Worker, 1963
• Shiryaev V. A. Stones should be removed from the road. Moscow: Young Guard, 1990 (p. 197-212).

• Shmakov, Steel Anatolyevich (1931-1998) - prof., Ph.D., prominent theorist and practitioner of leisure activities of youth, understanding the game as a cultural phenomenon (including on the basis of the heritage of A.S. Makarenko)

• Dolgii V. G. The poem continues [Text]: [About the Honored Teacher of the RSFSR V. N. Tersky]. - Kaliningrad: Prince. Publishing House, 1960 .-- 21 p. : ill .; 20 cm. - (Stories about Kaliningraders).
• Kael O.S. V.N. Tersky: a great master of club affairs // Educational work at school. 2004. No. 5. S. 131-134.
• Kel, O.S., Victor Nikolaevich Tersky (1898-1965) // Public Education, 2004. No. 6. P. 163-168.
• Victor Nikolaevich Tersky (about him) on the site Makarenko.edu.ru