Rehabilitation center for addicts

The rehabilitation process in the rehabilitation center is carried out in a group of 5 to 25 people (usually 10-12), who for a certain period of time (usually 1 to 6 months) are voluntarily isolated from the outside world (more often a country house is rented for this) and under the guidance of specialists ( psychologists , psychotherapists , psychiatrists - narcologists , consultants from among rehabilitants with a long term of sobriety , teachers) through individual and group classes gradually move away from the dependent life model and return to full sobriety. Thus, the rehabilitation process is a long-term psycho- and sociotherapy in the therapeutic community .

Psychological support for patients began to be provided at the end of the 18th century. First of all, a similar direction developed in America. It was in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century that clinics began to function, in which a variety of measures were used to solve the psychological problems of patients.

The scientific definition of the concept of rehabilitation was first given by F. Namist in 1903. The Association of Rehabilitation Therapy first appeared in this country in 1917. Special training for professional doctors who are involved in rehabilitation began in the same period. By the end of World War II overseas, 26 educational institutions trained specialists in this field.

The success of the rehabilitation was recognized by the world community. This was reflected in the emergence of national rehabilitation programs, supervised by the UN socio-economic council.

The massive opening of rehabilitation centers is in our time. At the end of the 20th century, rehabilitation services began to appear at treatment centers, and separate wards and departments opened. ^[one]

The rehabilitation of addicts was very effective. According to studies, with the right choice of a rehabilitation program, the effectiveness of treatment increases by more than 50%. For heavy addictions such as alcoholism and drug addiction, this figure is even higher.

Modern research has convincingly proven that the root cause of addiction is not psychotropic substances or appropriate behavior, for example, shopping or playing, but immaturity of a person’s personality.

The rehabilitation course, aimed at correcting personal qualities, psychological support, developing complexes and developing healthy lifestyle skills, significantly increases the chances of a long-term remission.

Rehabilitation under the guidance of experienced professionals helps to identify the causes that led to the formation of addiction, and eliminate them. ^[one]

The course of treatment varies depending on the specific variety of the disease, as well as the stage of development of the disease. In particular, it is believed that six months is enough for the formation and consolidation of positive behavioral models, therefore, in most professional centers, the rehabilitation course is six months.

Different centers use a variety of treatment methods. Programs that are based on the approach to addiction as a disease requiring treatment, rather than a vice requiring censure, have shown the greatest effectiveness. Active psychological work aimed at self-development and the formation of a mature personality, gives a fruitful result.

An integrated approach to the recovery of addicts provides an understanding of the very nature of the disease, not only as a medical or legal problem. Dependence affects all spheres of a person’s life, therefore it should be considered as a psycho-bio-socio-spiritual disease. ^[2]

The use of occupational therapy in professional rehabilitation centers is acceptable in moderation in parallel with other types of therapy. ^[one]

Dependence is a complex disease that affects not only the patient, but also his relatives. For this reason, in rehabilitation centers much attention is paid to working with co-dependent. To ensure long-term remission, it is necessary that loved ones also take part in recovery, change their habits in communicating with the addict. They are taught this at special trainings and seminars that are arranged for the co-dependent. ^[one]

In Russia, rehabilitation centers are criticized for their pronounced religious orientation, since the first centers were opened with the active participation of Protestant communities ^[3] ; many of them still work. There are also Orthodox and Muslim rehabilitation centers. In such centers, considerable time is devoted to the study of a particular religion; representatives of the clergy of the respective churches are actively working with rehabilitants. Also, in some rehabilitation centers there have been cases of violence and ill-treatment of rehabilitants: handcuffing to a bed during the so-called “quarantine” ^[4] . In some centers, forced labor is practiced, etc. As a rule, treatment in a good, private center is expensive in view of the living conditions of the patient, the work of professionals.

• GOST R 54990-2012. Social services for the population. Rehabilitation services for people dependent on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and alcohol. The main types of social services.
• Decree of the President of the Russian Federation N 690 of June 9, 2010 “On approval of the Strategy of the state anti-drug policy of the Russian Federation until 2020”
• Stories of two re-centers in Perm - “Dolphin” and “Helping Hands”