Converso ( MFA (isp.) : Komˈberso ; (port.) : Kõˈvɛɾsu ; cat. Convers kumˈbɛrs , komˈvɛɾs ; "reversed" from Latin conversvs , "converted, turned"), the female form of "conversa" is the term for converting mainly in the XIV and XV centuries) to Catholicism of Jews and Muslims in Spain and Portugal . May also refer to their descendants. Mass circulation occurred as a result of pressure from the state. If the , concluded in 1491 and ending the Granada War , declared observance of religious rights, the Edict edict issued next year marked the beginning of the expulsion of Jews from Spain .
New Christians of Moorish origin are also known as Moriscos , which also include , that is, secret followers of Islam . New Christians of Jewish origin are denoted by the term marran , which also includes crypto and Jews .
Converse was suspicious to both parties and was harassed by both their former and new co-religionists. Christians and Jews called them isp. tornadizo , apostates , despite the fact that edicts of Jaime I , Alfonso X and Juan I forbade the use of this epithet. Other laws were issued to protect their lives and property. At the same time, it was forbidden by the laws to try to turn them back into the old faith, living together and eating with Jews in order to avoid a reverse change of faith. Conversely were not homogeneous in their rights. So, Alfonso VII forbade the "recently converted" to conduct business in Toledo . Among Christian secular and spiritual leaders, they had both supporters and opponents. Converso was represented in all walks of life in the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula , among them were even bishops and royal mistresses. Despite this, during periods of social tension, especially after epidemics and earthquakes , they were subject to pogroms . The Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions dealt with their affairs.
Significant efforts to protect conversas (as opposed to the concept of popular at that time ) were made in the 15th century by Bishop , who argued that the majority of the Spanish population has Jews among its ancestors. It was converted to Christianity even under Visigoths . A genetic study published in December 2008, the results of which are being questioned, confirms that 19.8% of modern Spaniards and Portuguese DNA are Sephardic , and 10.6% are Moorish .
See also
- Marran
- Monfi
Notes
Literature
- Zelenina G. From the scepter of Judah to the jester's baton. The court Jews in medieval Spain. - Bridges of Culture / Gesharim, 2007. - 264 p. - ISBN 978-5-93273-254-.