Yasos (spellings: Yassos , Iasos [1] , Iassos ( Greek Iασoς or Iασσoς ) [1] , lat. Iasus ) is an ancient Greek city in Caria on the shores of the Gulf of Iasi [2] (now Mandalya Bay [3] ) opposite the modern Turkish city of Gulluk . In ancient times, Yasos was located on the island, but over time, the strait between it and the mainland disappeared. The archaeological site is located in Milas County, Mugla Province , near the Alevi village of Kiyykyshladzhik Turkish , about 31 km from the center of Milas .
| Ancient city | |
| Jasos | |
|---|---|
| lat Iasus , Greek Iασoς or Greek. Iασσoς | |
 Ruins of agora | |
| Other names | Yassos, Iassos, Iassos |
| Ruined | XV]] - XVI century |
| Causes of destruction | abandoned |
| Composition of the population | Minoans , then Greeks |
| Modern location | Turkey , opposite the city of Gulluk |
Content
Bronze Age
According to excavations from the late XX – early XXI centuries, the place was inhabited from the early Bronze Age [4] . In the Middle Bronze Age layers, many finds of ceramics of Minoan origin were discovered; Apparently, the city was either a Minoan colony or was actively influenced by Crete [5] .
From the end of the 15th century BC e. ( late Hellenic period III A1 ), the area is inhabited by carriers of Mycenaean culture , as evidenced by finds of Mycenaean ceramics, both imported and local origin, as well as other small finds (terracotta idols) and the remains of Mycenaean-type walls [6] . Like in Miletus , the Minoan settlement was replaced by the Mycenaean.
Presumably, the people who inhabited Yasos are mentioned in the " peoples of the sea " under the name WSS.
Antiquity
Ancient historians considered Yasos a colony of Argos [7] , but archaeological evidence indicates a longer history. According to ancient sources, the Argivian colonists suffered several defeats in the war against the Carians , so they called for help from the son of Neleus , who had previously founded Miletus . In this regard, new settlers appeared in the city [8] .
The city, which occupied the entire small island, had only 10 stadia around the perimeter. Despite this, he quickly became very wealthy [9] , thanks to fishing and fish trade [10] . Jasos was a member of the Delos Union and participated in the Peloponnesian War of 431–404. BC e. After the Sicilian expedition of the Athenians , the Spartans and their allies attacked Jasos. At the time of the attack, the city was ruled by the Persian satrap Amorges, who rebelled against Darius II . The Spartans captured and destroyed the city. The captured Amorges was sent by them to Tissafern .
In the 4th century the territory of the city became part of the satrapy of the descendants of Hekatomn and was conquered by Alexander the Great . Later, the city was besieged by Philip V of Macedon , but the Romans persuaded him to cede the city to Ptolemy V Epiphanes [11] .
The mountains in the vicinity of Yasos served as a source of magnificent marble of blood red and bright white color, which was used in antiquity for decorative purposes [12] . Near the city was the sanctuary of Hestia with a statue of the goddess; it was believed that although she stood in the open air, she was never touched by a drop of rain [13] . Strabo tells a similar legend about the temple of Artemis in the vicinity of the city. Athenaeus mentions Yasos as a famous fishing spot [14] .
The city was apparently abandoned in the 15th – 16th centuries, during the Ottoman period, when a small town was founded nearby, known as Asin-Kale or Asin-Kurin. Administratively, he belonged to the Sanjak Mentesh of Izmir (Aydinsky) vilayet.
Archeology
So far, part of the city wall has been preserved. A part of the ancient theater with rows of benches has been preserved near the rock. In its vicinity, several inscriptions and coins were found.
After preliminary research conducted by Charles Texier since 1835, regular excavations began here, which are currently being conducted by the Italian School of Archeology in Athens . The expeditions Doro Levy (1960-1972), Clelia Lavios (1972-1984) and Fede Berti (1984-2011) conducted their expeditions here. Since 2011, the director of the Jasos expedition is Marcello Spanu.
Jasos has been continuously inhabited since the early Bronze Age ; at that time the Cycladic culture influenced him. Further, it presents layers of the geometric , Hellenistic and Roman periods, up to the Byzantine era . Among the structures preserved in Yasos are standing Artemis and Roman villas.
Christian tradition
The names of the four bishops of Jasos are known: Themistius ( Themistius , 421), Flacillus ( Flacillus , 451), David (787) and Gregory (878) [15] . The Yasos episcopate is mentioned in the work of the X century. Nova Tactica [16] , and later also in Notitiae Episcopatuum .
In the Roman Catholic Church there is a titular diocese , that is, a diocese no longer associated with the real community of Catholics in connection with their transition to another faith or migration from a given area) Kariya with a formal location in Yasos.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Iasus (i) // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 654.
- ↑ Bargylia // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 204.
- ↑ Greece. Reference card. Scale 1: 1 000 000 / Editor-in-chief Y. A. Topchiyan. - M .: Roskartografiya, 2001. - (Countries of the world. Europe). - 2000 copies.
- ↑ Ekin Kozal: Anatolien im 2. Jt. vuZ und die Hinterlassenschaften materieller Kultur aus dem Ostmittelmeerraum, insbesondere Zyperns. Dissertation Tübingen 2006, S. 31 (Volltext) .
- ↑ Ekin Kozal: Anatolien im 2. Jt. vuZ und die Hinterlassenschaften materieller Kultur aus dem Ostmittelmeerraum, insbesondere Zyperns. Dissertation Tübingen 2006, S. 31; Christopher Mee: Anatolia and the Late Bronze Age. In: EH Cline, D. Harris-Cline (Hrsg.): The Aegean and the Orient in the second millennium. Proceedings of the 50th anniversary symposium, Cincinnati, 18-20 April 1997. Université de Liège, Liège 1998, S. 137ff.
- ↑ Jorrit M. Kelder, Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia , in: JP Stronk - MD de Weerd (Hrsg.), TALANTA. Proceedings of the Dutch Archeological and Historical Society XXXVI-XXXVII (2004-2005) , 2006, S. 61f.
- ↑ Thucydides VIII: 28, Polybius XVI: 12, XVII: 2, Titus Livius XXIII: 30
- ↑ Polybius . Historiae , xvi. 12 .
- ↑ Thucydides . History of the Peloponnesian War , viii. 28.
- ↑ Strabo , Geography , xiv.
- ↑ Polybius . Historiae , xvii. 2 ; Titus Livy . History from the founding of the city , xxxii. 33; Claudius Ptolemy . Geography , v. 2; Pliny the Elder . Natural History , v. 29 .
- ↑ Paul Silentiary . Description of Hagia Sophia , ii. 213.
- ↑ Titus Livy. History of Rome , [1] .
- ↑ Athenaeum . Feast of the Sages , iii., Xiii.
- ↑ Michel Le Quien , Oriens Christianus I : 913
- ↑ Gelzer Heinrich , Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani , nos. 340, 1464
Literature
- La Grande Encyclopédie , sv Iasos 20 : 505.
- Fede Berti, Roberta Fabiani, Zeynep Kızıltan, Massimo Nafissi (ed.), Marmi erranti. I marmi di Iasos presso i musei archeologici di Istanbul. Gezgin Taşlar. İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri'ndeki Iasos Mermerleri. Wandering marbles. Marbles of Iasos at the Istanbul Archaeological Museums. (İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri 12/07/2010 - 4/07/2011) . Istanbul: Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Müdürlüğü, 2010.
Links
- iasos.org - Iasos official website
- Guide bodrum
- Iasos article at the Perseus Project