Zabolotny, Daniil Kirillovich

Born December 16 ( 28 ), 1866 in the village of Chebotarka (now the village of Zabolotnoye, Kryzhopolsky district, Vinnytsia region), Podolsk province . Father, Cyril Zabolotny, worked on the construction of the railway; died in 1877. Mother, Evgenia Saulyak, graduated from five classes of a female gymnasium; shortly after her husband’s death, she was confined to bed with tuberculosis of bones. The custody of Daniel and his younger brother Ivan was taken over by his mother’s brother, a gymnasium teacher.

In 1877-1880 he studied at the Nakhichevan gymnasium in Rostov-on-Don, then he entered the 5th grade of the Richelieu classical gymnasium (Odessa). Since 1885, he was a student in the natural sciences department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Imperial Novorossiysk University (now Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov ), where his leaders were A.O. Kovalevsky and F.M. Kamensky . For participation in student gatherings in 1889, he was expelled from the university, arrested and spent three months in prison. He was released from prison at the request of relatives and several university professors, in particular, I.I. Mechnikov. In 1890 he worked at the Odessa bacteriological station, founded by I.I. Mechnikov . In the bacteriological station, he studied the sanitary condition of irrigation fields, having established self-sterilization of the soil as a result of antagonism of microbes, performed experimental work on infection and immunization of ground squirrels with cholera vibrio through the intestine. In 1891, having graduated from an external university, he entered the 3rd year of the medical faculty of St. Vladimir's Imperial University of Kiev . ^[2] In 1893, D. Zabolotny, together with I. Savchenko, investigated the problem of human immunization against cholera. Guided by Klemperer's experiments, young researchers studied methods of immunizing a person by introducing reagents through the gastrointestinal tract. They repeated Klemperer's experiments on themselves and two other volunteers. Having become a military doctor by appointment, he worked for two years in the Kiev district military hospital in the infectious department and in the laboratory of general pathology of Professor V.V. Podvysotsky .

In 1894, immediately after graduating from the medical faculty, Zabolotny began his work as an epidemiologist at the visiting Zemstvo detachment to combat epidemiological diseases in the foci of the cholera and diphtheria epidemic in the Podolsk province. Here he conducted a test of the effectiveness of antidiphtheria serum on himself after experimental infection with diphtheria. The first to use large-scale treatment of children with antidiphtheria serum. In Kamenetz-Podolsky he organized a provincial bacteriological laboratory, where he studied the intestinal microflora in cholera, vibrio cholerae and others. He experimentally proved (by infecting himself with cholera) that he can protect himself from cholera by oral administration of a special culture of vibrios. ^[3] Long before the experiments, Kolle first applied the agar culture of microorganisms to immunize a person. ^[four]

Since 1896, he worked at the Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Kiev University of St. Vladimir.

He participated in expeditions to study and eliminate the plague in India and Mongolia (1897), Mesopotamia (1898), Iran (then Persia, 1899), the Arabian Peninsula and Scotland (1900), Manchuria and China (1898, 1910-1911), Kyshtym Perm region, Saratov and Astrakhan provinces, the Caucasus, Podolsk and Bessarabia provinces, the Kyrgyz steppe. He actively participated in the elimination of cholera epidemics in 1894, 1909, 1910, 1918.

In 1897, he worked at the invitation and under the guidance of I.I. Mechnikov at the Pasteur Institute in Paris .

In March 1898 he was appointed a specialist at the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine under the tutelage of the Prince of Oldenburg (Archive of the IEM Museum. Case No. 155: Personal file of D. K. Zabolotny, l. 5-6).

In 1899, he suggested the natural reservoir of the plague - rodents (ground squirrels and tarbagans). Since 1899, he taught a course of bacteriology to students of the Women's Medical Institute . In 1908 he defended his doctoral dissertation at the Imperial Military Medical Academy on the topic: “On the issue of the pathogenesis of syphilis”.

He participated in the eradication of the plague epidemic in the Far East of 1910-1911 .

He created the doctrine of the natural foci of the plague (1922). In 1898, he organized the first bacteriology department in Russia at the St. Petersburg Women's Medical Institute (he was in charge of it until 1928), and in 1920 in Odessa , the first epidemiology department in the world. In 1921 he founded and was the first rector of the Odessa Medical Institute . In 1923, he founded the Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology at the Military Medical Academy with a course of disinfection. He organized in 1928 in Kiev the Ukrainian Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, now bearing his name. One of the founders of the International Society of Microbiologists (1903). He headed the Sanitary and Epidemiological Commission of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army, was a member of the Scientific Medical Council of the People's Commissariat of Health, and the organizer of courses for military and civilian epidemiologists. Member of the Petrograd and Kiev Soviets of Workers 'and Peasants' Deputies, 1921 - member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee.

The author of numerous scientific works on plague, cholera, malaria, syphilis, diphtheria, typhus and other diseases. Author of textbooks: “General Bacteriology” (1909), “Fundamentals of Epidemiology” (1927), “Course of Microbiology” (1932).

Academician D.K. Zabolotny died on December 15, 1929 in Kiev, being the president of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

• Order of St. Anne, III degree (1898).
• Order of St. Stanislav II degree (1900).
• Order of the Legion of Honor (1912). ^[5]

• “On the phosphorescence of living organisms” ( Notes of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists , vol. XVII);
• “Cholera Research” (Centralblatt für Bact., Vol. XV, 1894 ; Deutsche Med. Woch., 1893 );
• “Studies on the plague” (“Archive of Podvysotsky's Pathology”, vol. III; “Annales Pasteur”, 1900 );
• “Immunity for Infectious Diseases” (“Centralbl. Für Bact.”, Vol. XV, 1894 and “Archive of the Pathology of Podvisotsky, vol. III);
• “Agglutination in typhoid” (“Archive of Podvysotsky's Pathology”, vol. III);
• “On the intracellular leukocyte enzymes” (ib., 1903 ).

• In honor of D.K. Zabolotny, a street ( Feofania massif) is named in Kiev.
• In honor of D.K. Zabolotny in the Petrovsky district of Donetsk the street is named.
• In honor of D.K. Zabolotny, the street in the city of Odessa (the village named after Kotovsky) was named, the street in Guryev is now renamed.
• In honor of D.K. Zabolotny, the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology of the First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlova .
• In the village of Zabolotnoye, Kryzhopolsky district, Vinnitsa region, there is a museum in memory of D.K. Zabolotny.
• In the city of Vinnitsa, a medical college is named after Acad. D.K. Zabolotny, created a museum of his memory.

• Russian Plague Service

• Milenushkin Yu. I. Prominent figure in domestic medicine D.K. Zabolotny / Yu. I. Milenushkin; All-Union. Society for the dissemination of watered. and scientific. knowledge. - M .: Knowledge , 1954.- 24 p. - (Series III, No. 58). - 69,000 copies.
• Gimmelfarb Y. K. , Grodsky K. M. D. K. Zabolotny (1866-1929). - M .: Medgiz , 1958.- 224 p. - (Prominent figures of domestic medicine).
• Golubev G.N. Life of Daniel Zabolotny / Gleb Golubev. - M .: Young Guard , 1962. - 256, [12] p. - (The life of wonderful people : ser. Biogr .; issue 18 (351)). (per.)
• Pitsyk N.E. Daniil Kirillovich Zabolotny, 1866-1929 / Res. ed. L. B. Borisov. - M .: Nauka , 1988 .-- 304 p. - ( Scientific and biographical series ). - 13,000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-003945-4 . (region)
• The encyclopedic progeny of Belarus. At 5th t. T. 2 / Redkal.: I. P. Shamyakin (gal. Red.) І інш. - Мn .: BelSE, 1983. - T. 2. - P. 310. - 522 p. - 10,000 copies. (belor.)
• Sergey Nekhamkin. The Last Plague: On the 105th anniversary of the feat of Russian physicians in Manchuria // Arguments of the week . No. 34 (475). September 19, 2015.

• Zabolotny // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Zabolotny Daniil Kirillovich (neopr.) . Database "History of Belarusian Science in Persons" of the Central Scientific Library named after J. Kolas of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Date of treatment January 10, 2012. Archived February 4, 2012.
• Bibliographic index in the repository of the Central Scientific Library. Yakub Kolas NAS of Belarus
• Profile of Daniil Kirillovich Zabolotny on the official website of the RAS