Anosmia - loss of smell . Usually, a complete loss of sense of smell is implied, but partial (selective) anosmia to certain substances is more common.
| Anosmia | |
|---|---|
| ICD-10 | R 43.0 |
| ICD-9 | 781.1 |
| Mesh | D000857 |
Content
Reasons
Anosmia can be congenital and acquired.
Acquired anosmia can be associated with damage to the nerve pathways (as a result of viral diseases), some brain lesions, as well as impaired air patency in rhinitis and other diseases.
A related term, “ hyposmia, ” means a decrease in the sensitivity of smell to the amount of odorous substance .
Possible causes of anosmia:
- Underdevelopment of the olfactory pathways.
- Diseases of the olfactory nasal mucosa of the nasal tumor, inflammatory diseases ( rhinitis , sinusitis, or the common cold ) [1] .
- Polyp of the nose .
- Traumatic brain injury [2] .
- Rupture of the olfactory filaments during a fracture of the horizontal plate ( Latin lamina cribrosa ) of the ethmoid bone due to traumatic brain injury .
- Destruction of olfactory bulbs and paths with a focus of injury as a counter-shock, observed when falling on the back of the head.
- Inflammation of the sinuses of the ethmoid bone ( lat.os ethmoidale ), the inflammatory process of the adjacent pia mater and surrounding areas.
- Median tumors or other bulky formations of the anterior cranial fossa.
- Smoking .
- Dementia with Levy bodies .
- Parkinson's disease [3] .
- Alzheimer's disease [4] .
- Toxins (especially acrylate , methacrylate [5] and cadmium [6] [7] ).
- Age [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Doty RL, Mishra A. Influences of nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis on the ability to smell (English) // Laryngoscope: journal. - 2001. - Vol. 111 . - P. 409-423 .
- ↑ Doty RL, Yousem DM, Pham LT, Kreshak AA, Lee WW Olfactory dysfunction in patients with head trauma (Eng.) // Arch Neurol : journal. - 1997. - Vol. 54 . - P. 1131-1140 .
- ↑ Doty RL, Deems D., Stellar S. Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A general deficit unrelated to neurologic signs, disease stage, or disease duration (English) // Neurology : journal. - Wolters Kluwer 1988. - Vol. 38 . - P. 1237-1244 .
- ↑ Murphy C. Loss of olfactory function in dementing disease (Eng.) // Physiology & Behavior : journal. - Elsevier , 1999 .-- Vol. 66 . - P. 177-182 .
- ↑ Schwartz B., Doty RL, Frye RE, Monroe C., Barker S. Olfactory function in chemical workers exposed to acrylate and methacrylate vapors (Eng.) // Am J Pub Health : journal. - 1989. - Vol. 79 . - P. 613-618 .
- ↑ Rose CS, Heywood PG, Costanzo RM Olfactory impairment after chronic occupational cadmium exposure (Eng.) // Journal of Occupational Medicine : journal. - 1992. - Vol. 34 . - P. 600-605 .
- ↑ Rydzewski B., Sulkowski W., Miarzynaska M. Olfactory disorders induced by cadmium exposure: A clinical study (Eng.) // Int J Occ Med Env Health: journal. - 1998. - Vol. 11 . - P. 235-245 .
- ↑ Doty RL, Shaman P., Applebaum SL, Giberson R., Sikorsky L., Rosenberg L. Smell identification ability: Changes with age (Eng.) // Science. - 1984. - Vol. 226 . - P. 1441-1443 .
See also
- Callman's syndrome
- Permanent tracheotomy laryngectomy
- Esthesioneuroblastoma is an extremely rare type of cancer that occurs in or near the olfactory nerve. Symptom is anosmia (loss of smell), often accompanied by chronic sinusitis .