The list of Primate of the Russian Church includes the first honorary bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church , starting from the time of its creation, taking into account the change in title.
Content
Conventions
The halo sign marks those personalities who, after death, were numbered among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Metropolitans of Kiev and All Russia
Metropolis of Kiev (988-1458)
| Fig. | Name | Start | the end | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael I | 988 | 992 | There are two opinions on the time of his administration of the Kiev Metropolis: some consider him the first metropolitan of Kiev, others the second, after Leonty. The issue remains controversial. The original tradition of the Russian church recognized the first metropolitan of Kiev as Michael. | ||
| Leonty | 992 | 1008 | There are two opinions on the time of his administration of the Kiev Metropolis: some consider him the first metropolitan of Kiev, others the second, after St. Michael. The issue remains controversial. | ||
| Theophylact | 1008 | up to 1018 | The first metropolitan of Kiev witnessed by sources. According to some reports, he was the first Kiev Metropolitan. According to others following Michael, he ruled in 991–997. | ||
| John I | 1008/1018 | c. 1030 | |||
| Theopempt | OK. 1035 | 1040s | |||
| Cyril (I) Greek | It is not mentioned in Russian chronicles, only for the year 1050 it is mentioned in 1624-1626. | ||||
| Hilarion Rusin | 1051 | 1054 | The first metropolitan, whose Russian origin is considered reliable. | ||
| Ephraim | 1054/1055 | c. 1065 | |||
| George | c. 1065 | c. 1076 | |||
| John II | no later than 1076/1077 | after August 1089 | |||
| John III | summer 1090 | before August 14, 1097 | |||
| Nikolay | c. 1097 | previously 1104 | |||
| Nicephorus I | December 18, 1104 | April 1121 | |||
| Nikita | October 15, 1122 | March 9, 1126 | After him, for about five years, the department of the Russian metropolitanate remained idle. | ||
| Michael II | summer 1130 | 1145 | Based on his message, one can surmise that Mikhail resigned as metropolitan (unsubscribed to the metropolitan) during the crisis, which, apparently, was the culprit himself. | ||
| Clement Smolyatich | July 27, 1147 | beginning 1155 | The first Russian theologian, the second metropolitan of Russian origin. The Kiev prince Izyaslav Mstislavich made Kliment Smolyatich Metropolitan without the sanction of the Patriarch of Constantinople, which caused great displeasure and opposition among Greek churchmen. After the death of Izyaslav (1154) he was forced to leave the metropolitan department. | ||
| Konstantin I | 1156-1158 | 1159 | Deposed all hierarchs appointed by Clement Smolyatich. The princes decided to remove from the pulpit both former metropolitans, Clement and Constantine, and ask the Patriarch of Constantinople for a new high priest for Russia. But Konstantin died before a decision was made. | ||
| Theodore | August 1160 | June 1163 | After the death of Theodore, it was a question of re-delivering Clement Smolyatich. | ||
| John IV | spring 1164 | 1166 | |||
| Constantine II | 1167 | 1169/1170 | He came into conflict with the Kiev-Pechersky monastery; subjected the penance of the Pechersk abbot Polycarp. This measure caused such irritation against him that the sacking of Kiev by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky was considered as divine retribution for "the metropolitan's untruth." | ||
| Michael III | spring 1171 | ? | Unknown to Russian sources | ||
| Nicephorus II | previously 1183 | after 1201 | |||
| Matthew | earlier 1210 | August 19, 1220 | |||
| Cyril I (II) Blessed | 1224/1225 | summer 1233 | |||
| Joseph | 1242/1247 | ? | |||
| Cyril III | 1242/1247 | November 27, 1281 | |||
| Maksim | 1283 | December 6, 1305 | He moved the metropolitan residence ("seat") from Kiev to Bryansk, and then (in 1299) to Vladimir. | ||
| Peter | 1308 | December 21, 1326 | The first of the metropolitans of Kiev who had a permanent residence in Moscow (since 1325) | ||
| Theognost | 1328 | 1353 | |||
| Alexy (Byakont) | 1354 | 1378 | |||
| Michael (Mitya) | 1379 | The named Metropolitan, appointed by the prince. To approve the rank of Metropolitan, Mityai was forced to make a trip to Constantinople, during which he died. | |||
| Cyprian | 1381 | 1383 | The figure of Cyprian, which was not acceptable for Constantinople (he was not canonically appointed Metropolitan), was also unacceptable for the Horde (since he could not represent Constantinople). Cyprian was removed from Moscow, and Pimen returned from exile and took the throne of the Metropolitanate of All Russia. | ||
| Pimen | 1382 | 1384 , until actually 1389 | |||
| Dionysius | 1383 | 1385 | |||
| Cyprian | 1390 | 1406 | Repeatedly. | ||
| Photius | 1408 | 1431 | |||
| Gerasim | 1433 | 1435 | |||
| Isidore | 1437 | 1458 | Due to the fall of Metropolitan Isidore, a parallel Metropolitan Jonah was put in the union in Moscow. | ||
| And she | 1448 | 1461 | Parallel to Isidore. In 1451 he was recognized in Lithuania. |
Since 1461, after the start of autocephaly of the East Russian dioceses that are part of the Moscow state, the metropolitans who had a chair in Moscow became known as Moscow and All Russia (or Russia).
Metropolitans of Moscow and All Russia
| Fig. | Name | Start | the end | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodosius (Byvaltsev) | May 3, 1461 | September 13, 1464 | He became the first Metropolitan of Moscow, who was approved by the Grand Duke of Moscow, and not the Patriarch of Constantinople. | |
| Philip I | November 11, 1464 | April 5, 1473 | ||
| Gerontius | June 29, 1473 | May 28, 1489 | ||
| Zosima (Great) | September 26, 1490 | February 9, 1495 | The church historians of the XIX century had a reputation as a secret adherent of the heresy of the Judaizers. In 1494, "for sake of weakness," he left the metropolis and settled first in Simonovsky, and then in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. | |
| Simon | September 22, 1495 | April 30, 1511 | Left the metropolis. Died the next year. | |
| Barlaam | August 3, 1511 | December 18, 1521 | He was forced to leave the metropolis. He died in 1533. | |
| Daniel | February 27, 1522 | February 2, 1539 | In his early childhood, Ivan the Terrible was supported by his mother, Elena Glinsky, and her favorite, Prince Ovchin-Telepnev, after the fall of which he was deposed by the Shuiskys and retired to rest in the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. He died in 1547. | |
| Joasaph (Skripitsyn) | February 6, 1539 | January 1542 | Deposed by the Shuiskys to the reign of the young Ivan the Terrible and exiled to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. He died in 1555. | |
| Macarius | March 19, 1542 | December 31, 1563 | ||
| Athanasius | March 5, 1564 | May 16, 1566 | He abandoned the department. He died in 1575. | |
| German (Sadyrev-Polev) | July 1566 | ? | The named Metropolitan. According to his life, he was killed in 1567 in his cell by an oprichnik, who cut off his head with an ax. | |
| Philip II (Kolychev) | July 25, 1566 | November 4, 1568 | Victim of the oprichnina. Deposed by a verdict of a church court. Exiled to Tverskaya Otroch Assumption Monastery. He died in 1569, possibly killed. | |
| Cyril (III / IV) | November 11, 1568 | February 8, 1572 | ||
| Anthony | May 1572 | beginning 1581 | ||
| Dionysius | 1581 | October 13, 1586 | Deprived of the chair and exiled to the Khutynsky monastery by Boris Godunov (under Fedor Ioannovich). Died the next year. | |
| Job | December 11, 1586 | January 23, 1589 | The first patriarch of Moscow. |
First Patriarchal Period (1589-1721)
| Picture | Name | Worldly name | Primacy period | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patriarch Job | Ivan | January 23, 1589 | June 1605 | Deposed after the death of Tsar Boris Godunov by supporters of the impostor False Dmitry I. Exiled to Staritsa. He died in 1607. | |
| Patriarch Ignatius | June 30, 1605 | May 1606 | It was raised during the reign of False Dmitriy I by the Council of Russian Bishops. After the death of False Dmitry I, the Council of Russian Bishops was deprived of the patriarchal throne and episcopal dignity [1] . | ||
| Patriarch Germogen | Yermolai | June 3, 1606 | February 17, 1612 | Germogen was a patriarch in the territory of Russia, controlled by Tsar Vasily Shuisky . From 1607 to 1610, in the territory of Russia, controlled by the impostor False Dmitry II , the Metropolitan of Rostov Filaret was the patriarch. During the Polish-Lithuanian occupation of Moscow, in March 1611 he was imprisoned in the Miracles Monastery, where he died. The boyar government immediately returned Ignatius to the patriarchal throne [2] [3] . But already at the end of 1611 (no later than October or December 27), Ignatius, knowing the canonical falsity of his position [4] , left Moscow. | |
| Metropolitan Ephraim | Tails | February 17, 1612 | December 26, 1613 | Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal Throne | |
| Metropolitan Jonah | Arkhangelsk | 1614 | June 24, 1619 | Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal Throne | |
| Patriarch Filaret | Fedor Nikitich Romanov | June 24, 1619 | October 1, 1633 | ||
| Patriarch Joasaph I | February 6, 1634 | November 28, 1640 | |||
| Patriarch Joseph | Clerks | May 27, 1642 | April 15, 1652 | ||
| Patriarch Nikon | Nikita Minin (Minov) | July 25, 1652 | December 12, 1666 | Ejected from the priesthood: not only patriarchal dignity, but from the episcopal dignity and became a simple monk. He died in 1681. | |
| Patriarch Joasaph II | Novotorzhets (nickname) | February 10, 1667 | February 17, 1672 | ||
| Patriarch Pitirim | July 7, 1672 | April 19, 1673 | |||
| Patriarch Joachim | Ivan Petrovich Savelov | July 26, 1674 | March 17, 1690 | ||
| Patriarch Adrian | Andrew | August 24, 1690 | October 16, 1700 | ||
| Metropolitan Stefan | Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky | October 16, 1700 | October 22, 1721 | Locum Tenens of the patriarchal throne. | |
Peter I in 1721 established the Ecclesiastical Collegium, later renamed the Holy Governing Synod - the state body of the highest church authority in the Russian church, the heads of which were the public prosecutors . The patriarchate was restored by the decision of the All-Russian Local Council of October 28 ( November 11 ), 1917 .
Synodal period
Primary members of the Holy Synod
| Fig. | Name | The department | Period | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stefan (Yavorsky) | Metropolitan of Ryazan | February 14, 1721 - November 27, 1722 | President of the Synod . Stefan refused to sign the protocols of the Synod, was not in his meetings. Stephen had no influence on synodal affairs; the king, obviously, held him only in order to use his name to give a certain sanction to the new institution. | |
| Theodosius (Yanovsky) | Archbishop of Novgorod | November 27, 1722-1725 | First Vice President of the Synod | |
| Feofan (Prokopovich) | Archbishop of Novgorod | 1725 - July 15, 1726 | First Vice President of the Synod When the Holy Synod was formed in 1721, he became his first vice-president (and, upon the death of Stefan Yavorsky, his actual leader), from July 15, 1726, he was already titled as a leading member of the Synod . | |
| Feofan (Prokopovich) | Archbishop of Novgorod | July 15, 1726 - September 8, 1736 | Already with a different title. | |
| Ambrose (Yushkevich) | Archbishop of Novgorod | May 29, 1740 - May 17, 1745 | ||
| Stefan (Kalinovsky) | Archbishop of Novgorod | August 18, 1745 - September 16, 1753 | ||
| Plato (Malinovsky) | Archbishop of Moscow | 1753 - June 14, 1754 | ||
| Sylvester (Kulyabka) | Archbishop of St. Petersburg | 1754-1757 | ||
| Dimitri (Sechenov) | Archbishop of Novgorod (since 1762 - Metropolitan) | October 22, 1757 - December 14, 1767 | ||
| Gabriel (Petrov) | Archbishop of St. Petersburg (since 1775 - Archbishop of Novgorod, from 1783 - Metropolitan) | September 22, 1770 - October 16, 1799 | ||
| Ambrose (Podobedov) | Archbishop of St. Petersburg (since 1801 - Archbishop of Novgorod) | October 16, 1799 - March 26, 1818 | ||
| Michael (Desnitsky) | Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (from June 1818 - Metropolitan of Novgorod) | 1818 - March 24, 1821 | ||
| Seraphim (Glagolevsky) | Metropolitan of Novgorod | March 26, 1821 - January 17, 1843 | ||
| Anthony (Rafalsky) | Metropolitan of Novgorod | January 17, 1843 - November 4, 1848 | ||
| Nikanor (Klementyevsky) | Metropolitan of Novgorod | November 20, 1848 - September 17, 1856 | ||
| Gregory (Postnikov) | Metropolitan of St. Petersburg | October 1, 1856 - June 17, 1860 | ||
| Isidore (Nikolsky) | Metropolitan of Novgorod | July 1, 1860 - September 7, 1892 | ||
| Palladium (Raev-Pisarev) | Metropolitan of St. Petersburg | October 18, 1892 - December 5, 1898 | ||
| Ioannic (Rudnev) | Metropolitan of Kiev | December 25, 1898 - June 7, 1900 | ||
| Anthony (Vadkovsky) | Metropolitan of St. Petersburg | June 9, 1900 - November 2, 1912 | ||
| Vladimir (Epiphany) | Metropolitan of St. Petersburg (since 1915 - Metropolitan of Kiev) | November 23, 1912 - March 6, 1917 | ||
| Plato (Christmas) | Archbishop of Kartalinsky and Kakheti, Exarch of Georgia (from August 1917 - Metropolitan Tiflis and Baku, Exarch of the Caucasus) | April 14, 1917 - November 21, 1917 |
Second Patriarchal Period (1917 - present)
| Picture | Name | Worldly name | Primacy period | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patriarch Tikhon | Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin | November 21 ( December 4 ) 1917 | April 7, 1925 | ||
| Metropolitan Peter | Pyotr Fedorovich Polyansky | April 12, 1925 | December 27, 1936 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Metropolitan Sergius | Ivan Nikolaevich Stragorodsky | December 27, 1936 | September 8, 1943 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Patriarch Sergius | Ivan Nikolaevich Stragorodsky | September 12, 1943 | May 15, 1944 | ||
| Metropolitan Alexy I | Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky | May 15, 1944 | February 2, 1945 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Patriarch Alexy I | Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky | February 4, 1945 | April 17, 1970 | ||
| Metropolitan Pimen | Sergey Mikhailovich Izvekov | April 18, 1970 | June 2, 1971 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Patriarch Pimen | Sergey Mikhailovich Izvekov | June 3, 1971 | May 3, 1990 | ||
| Metropolitan Filaret | Mikhail Antonovich Denisenko | May 3, 1990 | June 7, 1990 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Patriarch Alexy II | Alexey Mikhailovich Ridiger | June 10, 1990 | December 5, 2008 | ||
| Metropolitan Cyril | Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyaev | December 6, 2008 | January 27, 2009 | Patriarchal Locum Tenens | |
| Patriarch Kirill | Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyaev | February 1, 2009 | the present | ||
See also
- Titles of Primate of Orthodox Churches
Notes
- ↑ Ignatius // S.P. Zverev. BDT
- ↑ Vovina-Lebedeva V.G., Chugreeva N.N. Hermogen // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2008. - T. XVIII. - S. 633-646. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-032-5 .
- ↑ Metropolitan Makarios (Bulgakov). Patriarch Germogen // History of the Russian Church, Volume 10, Chapter I.
- ↑ Kartashev A.V. State and church ministry of St. Hermogenes // Essays on the history of the Russian Church. Volume 2