Tiernstein, Julius Karlovich

Julius Karlovich Tirnstein was born on April 10, 1814 in St. Petersburg in the family of an Austrian citizen Karl Tirnstein. The father left Russia in the fall of 1818, and his four-year-old son Julius remained in St. Petersburg. In 1828, Julius Tiernstein, at the request of aunt Anna Andreeva, was admitted to the Conduction Company of the Training Marine Worker Crew ^[1] .

In 1836, after graduation, he was promoted to class 1 conductors of the Marine Engineers Corps of the Marine Department of the Russian Empire and sent to the Main Admiralty (St. Petersburg), where, under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel M.N. Greenvald, he took part in the construction of ships: the first wheeled in Russia steamboat frigate “Bogatyr” ^[2] , steamships “Hasty” and “Fast”, frigates “ Tsesarevich ” and “ Tsesarevna ”, and also in 1839 a training rowing yacht for the 12-year-old Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich (future reformer Russian fleet), for the construction of which was encouraged by a six-month salary ^[1] . In 1841 - promoted to ensign.

Since 1840 he was sent to Kronstadt, where more than 35 ships of the Baltic Fleet were corrected at a shipyard. In the same place, in 1851, at the Petrovsky Dock, he began to “build on his own”, according to the design of Admiral F. F. Bellingshausen, a 10-gun schooner “ Whirlwind ”, which he “unloaded safely” in 1852.

On November 10, 1853, ship engineer Lieutenant Tiernstein, together with Major General M.N. Greenwald and mechanical engineer Staff Captain A. I. Sokolov (builder and future chief of the Steamship, now the Naval Plant in Kronstadt), was sent to the North American The United States (USA) "for the execution of orders specifically entrusted to them by ordering in New York a propeller ship for the Russian Baltic Fleet and three ships for the Siberian Flotilla."

A detailed report of two officers who had been detained for a long time in America and returned to St. Petersburg in May 1856 contained many useful things for various departments of Russia: descriptions of shipyards, drawings of a crane, dock, bridges, railways. Several ship models and mechanical "things" brought from the USA were transferred to the Model Chamber of the Main Admiralty . For a successful business trip, Tiernstein was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree.

In 1856, after the Business Trip Report submitted by both officers, Admiral General V.K. Konstantin Nikolaevich instructed Staff Captain Yu.K. Tiernshtein to build a hydraulic dock “similar to the US, but make it floating” (Sea Canal in the shallow Gulf of Finland has not yet been and experienced great difficulties in sending ships from the shipyards of St. Petersburg for completion in Kronstadt ). A five-piece 120-gun rank floating hydraulic dock was built by Yu. K. Tirnstein according to his own project on the Galerny Island of St. Petersburg in 1860 ^[3] . Doc served the Russian fleet for over 20 years. Later, in the likeness of a unique wooden dock, an iron dock was built, also of 5 parts ^{[4] [5]} .

In August 1860, simultaneously with the completion of the dock, the senior shipbuilder of the Petersburg port began completing the screw frigate Dmitry Donskoy on the Galerny Island. “By the will of His Imperial Highness V.K. Admiral General”, Captain Yu. K. Tiernshtein was also entrusted with the construction of two screw clippers - “Diamond” and “Pearl”.

For 15 years of impeccable service, he was awarded the Badge of Distinction of the immaculate service - XV years and a bronze medal on the St. Andrew's ribbon "In memory of the war of 1853-1856 ".

From January 1861, the senior shipbuilder, Captain Tiernstein, was entrusted with the management of the Galerny Island and the diving bell. By order of the fleet on January 1, 1862, “for useful work” on the construction of the frigate “Dmitry Donskoy” (launched in 1861) and clippers “Almaz” ^[6] and “Pearl” ^{[7] [8] to the} senior shipbuilder of St. Petersburg of the port, the Marine Engineers' Corps to Captain Tiernstein on January 1, 1862, was declared by General Admiral Konstantin Nikolaevich “Perfect Gratitude” in the order for the fleet (Royal thanks (the highest) were equal to 1 year of service). During his service, Tyrnstein twice increased his rank.

On April 3, 1862, Julius Karlovich Tyrnshtein suddenly died at the age of 48. He was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery in St. Petersburg.

• Wife - Henrietta Karlovna (von) Miller, sister of Fyodor Miller, classmate of Yu. K. Tiernshtein at school, who died of consumption a month before graduation.
• Son - Tirnstein, Robert Yulievich (1841-1896) - shipbuilding engineer, senior shipbuilder of the Nikolaev port; by resignation - inspector of shipbuilding , renamed to actual state advisers .
• Son - Tiernshtein Vladimir Yulievich (1844-1866) - ship engineer, in 1864 he graduated from the Engineering and Artillery School of the Maritime Department, died tragically.
  • Grandson - Tiernstein, Konstantin Robertovich (1869-1942) - captain of the 1st rank, senior mechanical engineer of the Nikolaev port, in exile since February 1920.
  • Grandson - Tiernshtein Nikolai Robertovich (1872-1938) - captain of the 58th Prague Infantry Regiment, a participant in the Russian-Japanese and World War I, in exile since February 1920 (on the tanker Baku).
  • The grandson - Tyrnstein Fyodor Robertovich (1876-1941) - stayed with his family in Nikolaev .
    • • Great-great-granddaughter - Kuznetsova Camilla Eduardovna - historian of the Tyrnstein family. ^[9]

• Kuznetsova K. E. The officers of the Russian fleet are Julius, Robert, Vladimir and Konstantin Tirnstein. Collection "Germans in Russia: People and Fates" / Otv. ed. L.V. Slavgorodskaya. SPb., 1998.
• Kuznetsova K. О. On service for the benefit of the Russian fleet of the Marine Engineers Corps of Lieutenant General M.N. Greenwald and three generations of the Tyrnstein family (on the 180th birthday of Admiral General Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich), Konstantinov Readings-2007, St. Petersburg , 2008, p.138.
• Kuznetsova K. E. Ships built by my ancestors // "Russian Maritime Journal". : Publishing house "Sudostroenie" .. - 2013. - No. 212, 213 .
• Kuzinets I.M. Admiralty Academy. M., 1998.
• Paromensky A.I. Historical outline of the Marine Engineering School. SPb., 1894. Issue. I.
• Kolesnikov I., Kuzinets I. Marine engineering dynasties. // Maritime collection No. 1, 1998
• Correspondence of Emperor Alexander II with Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. Diary of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. M., 1994.S. 218.
• Kopelev D.N. Officers of German origin serving in the Russian Navy, first half of the 19th century (thesis).
• Elena Tikhonova . About the days of the past newspaper. Newspaper Admiralteets, June 17, 2013.

• Edmund Mater. German authors of Russia