The Palace of Cancellaria [2] (translated from Italian as “Palace of the Chancery”, referring to the Apostolic Chancellery ) is a Renaissance -style palace in Rome , located between modern Corso Vittorio Emanuel II and Campo dei Fiori square , in the Parion district. The Palazzo was built between 1489 and 1513 [3] by Donato Bramante for Cardinal Rafael Ríario , the Camerlengue of the Roman Catholic Church, and is considered one of the earliest Renaissance -style palaces in Rome. The Papal Chancellery operates in the palace, and therefore it is an enclave of the Vatican and does not belong to Italy. The palace has the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site , part of a group of buildings known as the “Historical Center of Rome and the Vatican possessions enjoying extraterritorial rights” [3] .
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Content
History
The Palace of Cancellaria was built for Cardinal Rafael Riario , who served as the Camerlengue of the Roman Catholic Church under his powerful uncle, Pope Sixtus IV . It was rumored that funds for the construction of the palace were obtained in the game and in one night. The erection of the palazzo is traditionally attributed to Donato Bramante and Andrea Breño . Now, opinions about the architect of the palace differ, it is believed that Francesco di Giorgio and Baccio Pontelli allegedly participated in the early stages of design.
In 1517, the palace was confiscated by the first pope of the Medici clan, Leo X , who did not forget the role of Pope Sixtus IV and his nephew Rafael Riario in the Pazzi conspiracy , which at one time aimed at overthrowing the Medici power in Florence and replacing it with the family of Della Rover . Here he placed his office. Since 1753, the Jacobite contender for the throne of Britain, Heinrich Benedict Stewart , the Jacobite "Henry IX" [4] became vice-chancellor.
During the Revolution of 1848-1849 in the Papal Region, the established Roman Constituent Assembly met here for a very short period of its existence.
Architecture
The Palace of Cancellaria became the first palace in Rome, built from scratch in the new style of Renaissance architecture . Its long facade includes the small Basilica of San Lorenzo di Damaso . The Church of the V century (whose interior was redone) is located, like the Basilica of St. Clement , among others, on the site of the ancient Roman Mitreum (pagan temple); excavations in 1988-1991 showed that the church was founded by Pope Damasius I and was one of the most important early Christian churches in Rome. It was also discovered a cemetery, used from the VIII century and almost before the construction of the palace.
The facade of the palace with its alternation of flat double pilasters between arched windows is made in the Florentine concept, comparable to the palazzo Rucellai of the architect Alberti . The general principle of making masonry with the cutting of smooth surfaces and grooves along the edges is of ancient Roman origin. The portal was rebuilt in the 16th century by Domenico Fontana on the orders of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese .
The bone-colored building travertine was mined from the nearby Roman ruins of the Pompeii Theater . 44 Egyptian granite columns from the old Basilica of San Lorenzo were installed in the courtyard of the palace, but they, in turn, were taken for the church from the Pompeii Theater [5] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 archINFORM - 1994.
- ↑ Vatican // Greater Caucasus - Great Canal. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - S. 657-661. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 4). - ISBN 5-85270-333-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (accessed: 2011-07-22)
- ↑ A Jacobite Gazetteer - Rome , (accessed: 2011-07-22)
- ↑ Middleton, John Henry. Remains of Ancient Rome, volume 2. - Adamant Media Corporation, 1892. - P. 69. - ISBN 140217473X .