Volynshchino or Volynshchina - the estate of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky near the village of Volynshchino (Poluektovo) , now in the Ruzsky urban district of the Moscow region , where in the 1770s. one of the most significant ensembles of early, Catherine classicism in the west of the Moscow Region was erected. Before the October Revolution, the Volynshchina-Poluektovo estate served as a suburban residence of the "Crimean" branch of the Dolgorukovs , and the manor church served as their ancestral tomb.
History
In 1743, Prince Dolgorukov, the future Moscow governor, received Volynshchino as a dowry for his wife, Anastasia Vasilyevna , one of the heirs to the ancient Volyn family. The double name of the estate is due to the fact that it was once owned by the grandson of the governor of Bobrok - the boyar Poluyek Volynsky , who fell in battle with the Tatars near Belev in 1436. At the end of the 17th century there was a wooden manor court.
Dolgorukov-Krymsky equipped Volynshchino as his main residence at the same time as working in the second estate, located closer to the main altar — Gubailovo . During World War II, the French foragers ravaged Poluektovo. The future Decembrist A. P. Belyaev recalled the stay with Prince V. V. Dolgorukov and his wife, who grew up in the nearby estate Nikolskoye-Gagarino , in the autumn of 1813 [1] :
| We settled in the house occupied by the steward, because the large manor house was ruined. Some marshal stood in it, or maybe Napoleon himself, as they said then. Near the house there was a centuries-old shady grove, where we with the princess and sister walked every day. The huge trees of this grove served as a permanent home for countless rooks, announcing the air with their incessant croaking. The river was a rather steep descent to the bottom of the ravine. When the frost came, this descent was watered for our sledding. I, my sister, maids and boys participated in the ride. The prince often went to Ruza; he had three dashing donets and he always rode all 12 miles along the river in full swing. |
The descendants of Prince Vasily Mikhailovich inherited attachment to the Ruza region. His great-grandson Dmitry Nikolaevich (1827-1910) moved his collection of portraits and other works of art to Volynshchino. At the beginning of the 20th century, his son Pavel served as the district leader of the nobility, and his wife Natalya Vladimirovna created a school for peasant children nearby, and in the city of Ruza she opened a female school. At Christmas time, she came to the estate and distributed gifts to children. In those same years, a wooden staircase was added to the side of the old house. In 1927, the last owner of the estate secretly came from emigration to the USSR, where he was detained and executed.
In Soviet times, the estate was ruined, changed owners more than once. General-Anshef's military trophies and various wonders were taken to the Ruza Museum of Local Lore . It is currently used as the base of the Weightlifting Federation . The outbuildings are adapted for athletes, the palace building is empty. Entrance to the estate is limited, around a fence with Olympic rings.
Description
Around the perimeter of the circular courtyard (front yard), there is a small palace of the Princes Dolgorukovs and four modest one-story wings of a segmented concave plan. This planning solution, which is very rare for Russian estates, reminds of such Baroque monuments as Amalienborg . The entrance to the courtyard and the beginning of the alley leading to it are decorated with paired white-stone obelisks , the edges of which are sheathed with sheet iron [2] . Right behind the mansion, a stall began, sloping downhill to the bend of the Ozerna River . In the 1960s this part of the park with a “green office” and a gazebo was flooded by the waters of the Ozerninsky reservoir .
The main house with a 6-column ionic portico , recently standing almost on the very shore of the reservoir, has two floors, of which the lower was considered the main, and the upper - residential. The layout of both floors is enfilade . The main facade is decorated with a risalit ( loggia ) with stucco garlands and bas-relief profiles of the ancient Greeks on oval disks. The interiors are poorly preserved: in the front hall there is a cornice with “ crackers ”, on the slopes there are oak carved panels. The foundations of the palace suffer from humidity and regular flooding by the reservoir [3] .
Manor Church
The tiered manor church in the park was built simultaneously with the main house and consecrated in the name of the Three Saints . In 1782, the ceremonial burial of the ashes of General Anshef Dolgorukov-Crimean took place in the newly consecrated church. At the beginning of the XIX century, next to the hero of the conquest of Crimea, his widow and children were buried. With an eight-petal base, a centric layout, an abundance of white stone details, the church resembles the buildings of the Petrine time. In 1843, the refectory and the bell tower were added to the temple.
During the Soviet years, the interior of the temple was lost. The richly decorated graves of princes Dolgorukovs destroyed [4] . After the repair, the temple was transferred to the Zaikonospassky monastery in Kitay- Gorod in the 1990s. Services are held on Saturdays, Sundays and Orthodox holidays.
List of Cultural Heritage Sites of the Peoples of Russia Located Within the
| Object name | Category of historical and cultural significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Manor of Volynshchino | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501420858960006 ( EGROKN ) | architectural ensemble, a monument of urban planning of the XVIII century |
| Main building | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960016 ( EGROKN ) | second half of the 18th, 19th centuries |
| Church | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960066 ( ЕГРОКН ) | 1770s |
| Outbuilding No. 1 | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960026 ( EGROKN ) | monument of urban planning and architecture |
| Outbuilding number 2 | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960036 ( EGROKN ) | second half of the 1770s |
| Outbuilding No. 3 | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960046 ( EGROKN ) | second half of the 1770s |
| Outbuilding No. 5 | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 501410858960056 ( EGROKN ) | 1779s |
- Object of cultural heritage No. 5010413000
Notes
- ↑ A. Belyaev. Recollections of the Decembrist about experienced and re-felt. St. Petersburg: ed. By A. S. Suvorin, 1882. Pp. 31-35.
- ↑ Manor of Volyn region
- ↑ Manor of Volyn region
- ↑ G.I. VZDORNOV. Sad monuments and their fate
Sources
- Monuments of architecture of the Moscow region. M.: Art, 1975.Vol.2.S. 195.
- Krasnenkov V. Memorable places of Moscow region in essays and documents // Modern notebooks, 2004. P. 132.
- Shulgina D.P. Volynschina Estate Park // Russian Estate: Collection of the Society for the Study of the Russian Estate. Vol. 8 (24). M .: Giraffe, 2002.