All-Bashkir Kurultai

At the First All-Bashkir Congress (Kurultai), held July 20–27, 1917 in Orenburg , and attended by about 70 representatives of the Ufa , Orenburg , Samara , Perm, and Chelyabinsk provinces , the national movement for autonomy of Bashkurdistan was registered.

The congress elected the Bashkir central (regional) shuro (council) of 6 people ( Sh. Manatov , G. Mutin, I. Mutin , S. Mryasov , U. Kuvatov , H. Yumagulov ). Sharif Manatov surpassed everyone in the number of votes cast; he also became the first chairman of Shuro.

The congress adopted resolutions on the creation of national-territorial autonomy as part of the Russian Federal Democratic Republic, on the activity of volost councils (shuro), on participation in the elections to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly , on ending the war without annexations and indemnities, organizing national armed groups, and socializing the land and the return of land estates seized from the Bashkirs, the nationalization of the Caravanserai , the census of the Bashkir population, the establishment of a national monetary and property f onda, universal free secondary education, equality of men and women ^[1] . The reflection of the latest resolution was influenced by the report of the delegate from the Samara province Rabigi Yumagulova-Kushaeva ^[2] .

The congress also decided to hold the next congress in Ufa.

The II All-Bashkir Kurultai took place on August 25-29, 1917 in Ufa . It was attended by about 100 delegates. The congress again spoke in favor of the federal democratic system of Russia and re-elected the regional Shuro: its composition increased to 12 people, Sharif Manatov was again elected chairman of the Shuro, and A. Validov became his deputy. N. Tagirov , X. Gabitov , K. Kabirov, A. Gumarov, G. Khasanov , M. Smakov , F. Davletshin, Sh. Babich , S. Atnagulov , S. Mryasov became members of the Shuro; the candidates are G. Girfanov, Yu. Bikbov , Sh. Bikkuzin, A. Alimgulov. Kurultay determined the permanent residence of the Bashkir Government in Caravanserai and established its secretariats in Ufa (the head of the secretariat is F. A. Akhmadullin ) and Chelyabinsk (the head is N. T. Tagirov ).

In Kurultai, the question was raised about the territorial-national autonomy of the Bashkirs: “Before the Bashkirs, beyond the national-cultural autonomy, there is an even more difficult task - the implementation of territorial autonomy” ^[3] .

The congress adopted resolutions on national unity, on the social, cultural and political revival of the Bashkirs ^[1] ; on the preservation of the direction of the Bashkir national movement on the creation of national-territorial autonomy ^[4] and respect for the Tatars' aspirations to create national-cultural autonomy , etc. Also at the congress, lists of candidates for deputies of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly from the Bashkirs of the Orenburg, Perm, Samara and Ufa provinces were approved .

According to the results of I and II of the All-Bashkir Kurultai, the Bashkir Regional (Central) Shuro (Council) ^[5] was elected and it was decided to publish the Bashkort newspaper .

The III All-Bashkir Kurultai was held on December 8 ( December 21 ) 1917 - December 20, 1917 ( January 2, 1918 ) in Orenburg, was named the Constituent Kurultai of Bashkurdistan . It was attended by 223 delegates, of which 194 were delegates with a decisive and 29 with an advisory vote. The overwhelming majority of delegates were from the Bashkirs, 44 Russians; one delegate each was sent to the congress by the Chuvashs, Tatars and Mari.

Kurultay met with approval the proclamation of the national-territorial autonomies of Turkestan and Kazakhstan . The results of the Third All-Bashkir Constituent Kurultai were the approval of the creation of the national-territorial autonomy of Bashkurdistan , which later became known as the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and much later - the Republic of Bashkortostan .

At the congress, resolutions were adopted on the approval of autonomous Bashkuristan within the borders of the territory of Little Bashkiria , with the condition of its further expansion to the size of the territory of Big Bashkiria ; on the annual celebration on November 15 of the Day of the proclamation of autonomy; on joining federal Russia; the possibility of creating a union state between Bashkurdistan, Kazakhstan and Turkestan within federal Russia; about the powers of the Bashkir central shuro; on the organization of the Bashkir army and police; and etc.

From the resolution of the III Constituent Kurultai of the Bashkirs of Orenburg. December 8–20, 1917 “On the confirmation of the autonomy of Bashkurdistan and its commemoration” ^[6] :

The Kurultay affirms unanimously the territorial-national autonomy of Bashkurdistan declared on November 15 by the Central Bashkir Shuro. In commemoration of Bashkurdistan, to open one higher madrassah / university /, one large museum, calling them after Bashkurdistan. In order to prepare people for the Bashkir government, to appoint twenty scholarships for higher education institutions. Ten scholarships from them to use inside Russia, the rest - abroad. To implement these activities, create a national “fund” by organizing a subscription among the population of Bashkurdistan. Having timed to the days of the declaration of freedom, to hold in the future the triumph of the territorial-national autonomy of Bashkurdistan. Celebrate the feast of territorial autonomy after Ramadan Gaid in the northern part of Orsky district along the Kukidel river. / Approved on December 20 at the 18th meeting

Decisions were made regarding canton management, the socialization of the land, culture, education and science.

At the congress, the composition of the Pre-Parliament of Bashkurdistan - Kese-Kurultay was elected and the composition of the Bashkir Government was approved ^{[7] [8]} .

• World Kurultai Bashkir

• Yuldashbaev B. Kh. Founding kurultai as the peak of the Bashkir national movement // Ethnopolitical mosaic of Bashkortostan. In 3 t. - M. , 1992. - T. II.
• History of the Bashkir people: in 7 volumes / chap. ed. M.M. Kulsharipov; Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - Ufa: Gilem, 2010 .-- T. V. - 468 p.
• Aznagulov V.G., Khamitova Z.G. Parliamentarism in Bashkortostan: history and modernity . - Ufa: GRI Bashkortostan, 2005. - 304 p.
• Enikeev Z. I. Legal status of Bashkortostan as part of Russia. - Ufa: "Guillem", 2002. - 374 p.

• Kasimov S.F. All-Bashkir Kurultai // Bashkir Encyclopedia / Chap. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .