Echinopla

	Echinopla
	; Ant Echinopla melanarctos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animals
Kingdom :	Eumetazoi
No rank :	Bilateral symmetrical
No rank :	Primary
No rank :	Molting
No rank :	Panarthropoda
Type of:	Arthropods
Subtype :	Tracheo-breathing
Overclass :	Six-legged
Grade:	Insects
Subclass :	Winged insects
Infraclass :	Winged insects
Treasure :	Fully Transformed Insects
Squadron :	Hymenopterida
Squad:	Hymenoptera
Suborder :	Belly-bellied
Infrastructure :	Stinging
Superfamily :	Formicoidea
Family:	Ants
Subfamily :	Formicins
Tribe :	Camponotini
Gender:	Echinopla
International scientific name
	Echinopla Smith, 1857
Synonyms
	Mesoxena Smith, F., 1860
Type view
	Echinopla melanarctos Smith, F., 1857

Echinopla (lat.) - the genus of ants of the subfamily formicina ( Formicinae , Camponotini ). They are found in Australia and Southeast Asia ( India , Indonesia , Thailand , Philippines , New Guinea ). About 20 species ^[2] ^[3] .

Ant Echinopla pallipes , head front

Ant Echinopla melanarctos , aerial view

Description

Medium size (less than 1 cm) ants black (legs lighter). The head and abdomen are rounded. The body is covered with numerous and long stiff bristles, which makes some species of these ants look like small hedgehogs (hence the first part of the generic name, other Greek. Ἐχῖνος - “hedgehog”). The integument is dense, with wrinkles or coarse large punctures. The posterior thorax is round without propodeal teeth, however, the petiol carries several spines from above. Antennae in females and workers are 12-segmented (in males, antennae consist of 13 segments). Stinging workers with 5 teeth. The mandibular palps are 6-segmented, the lower labial palps are composed of 4 segments. Shins of middle and hind legs with one apical spur. The stalk between the breast and the abdomen consists of one segment ( petiol ). Due to the unusual appearance of Echinopla, the British entomologist F. Smith (who first described this genus and its first few species in 1857 ) even isolated it in a separate family of Cryptoceridae along with other strange ants ( Cataulacus , Cephalotes ) that have an exotic appearance ^{[ 4]} .

Echinopla pallipes
Echinopla tritschleri

Systematics

A little-studied genus of ants from the Camponotini tribe, a revision of the group has not been carried out over the past hundred years. Currently, about 30 species have been described ^[3] ^[5] ^[6] .

Echinopla angustata Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla arfaki Donisthorpe, 1943
Echinopla australis Forel, 1901
Echinopla brevisetosa Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla cherapunjiensis Bharti & Gul, 2012
Echinopla circulus Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla corrugata Donisthorpe, 1943
Echinopla crenulata Donisthorpe, 1941
Echinopla deceptor Smith, 1863
Echinopla densistriata Stitz, 1938
Echinopla dubitata Smith, 1862
Echinopla fisheri Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla lineata Mayr, 1862
Echinopla madli Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla maeandrina Stitz, 1938
Echinopla melanarctos Smith, 1857
Echinopla mezgeri Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla mistura (Smith, 1860)
Echinopla nitida Smith, 1863
Echinopla octodentata Stitz, 1911
Echinopla pallipes Smith, 1857
Echinopla praetexta Smith, 1860
Echinopla pseudostriata Donisthorpe, 1943
Echinopla rugosa André, 1892
Echinopla serrata (Smith, 1859)
Echinopla silvestrii Donisthorpe, 1936
Echinopla striata Smith, 1857
Echinopla subtilis Zettel & Laciny, 2015
Echinopla tritschleri Forel, 1901
Echinopla turneri Forel, 1901
Echinopla vermiculata Emery, 1898
Echinopla wardi Zettel & Laciny, 2015

Notes

↑ Smith, F. 1857. Catalog of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by AR Wallace. [part]. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 2: 42-88.
↑ Agosti, D. Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (English) // Systematic Entomology . - 1991. - Vol. 16. - P. 293-310.
↑ ¹ ² Bharti, H .; Gul, I. 2012: Echinopla cherapunjiensis sp. n (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India. Vestnik zoologii, 46: 371-373. doi: 10.2478 / v10058-012-0031-z.
↑ Bolton B. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. (English) // Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. - Gainesville, FL: American Entomological Institute, 2003. - Vol. 71. - P. 1-370. - ISBN 1-887988-15-7 .
↑ Herbert Zettel, Alice Laciny. Contributions to the taxonomy of the ant genus Echinopla Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) // Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift : Journal. - Sofia, Berlin: Pensoft & Museum für Naturkunde (Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin) , 2015 .-- Vol. 62, No. 1 . - P. 101-121 (04 Jun 2015). - ISSN 1860-1324 . - DOI : 10.3897 / dez.62.5093 .
↑ Xu, Z.-H. & Zhou, X. Species grouping and key to known species of the ant genus Echinopla Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with reports of Chinese species // Asian Myrmecology. - 2015. - Vol. 7. - P. 19-36.

Literature

Agosti, D. Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (English) // Systematic Entomology . - 1991. - Vol. 16. - P. 293-310.
Bharti, H .; Gul, I. 2012: Echinopla cherapunjiensis sp. n (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India. Vestnik zoologii, 46: 371-373. doi: 10.2478 / v10058-012-0031-z
Bolton B. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. - Cambridge, Mass .: Harvard University Press, 1994 .-- 222 p.
Bolton B. A new general catalog of the ants of the world. - Cambridge, Mass .: Harvard University Press, 1995 .-- 504 p.
Bolton B. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. (English) // Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. - Gainesville, FL: American Entomological Institute, 2003. - Vol. 71. - P. 1-370. - ISBN 1-887988-15-7 .

Links

Echinopla. discoverlife.org

[1] Smith, F. 1857. Catalog of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by AR Wallace. [part]. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 2: 42-88.

[Agosti1991-2] Agosti, D. Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (English) // Systematic Entomology . - 1991. - Vol. 16. - P. 293-310.

[Bharti2012-3] ¹ ² Bharti, H .; Gul, I. 2012: Echinopla cherapunjiensis sp. n (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India. Vestnik zoologii, 46: 371-373. doi: 10.2478 / v10058-012-0031-z.

[Bolton2003-4] Bolton B. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. (English) // Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. - Gainesville, FL: American Entomological Institute, 2003. - Vol. 71. - P. 1-370. - ISBN 1-887988-15-7 .

[Zettel2015-5] Herbert Zettel, Alice Laciny. Contributions to the taxonomy of the ant genus Echinopla Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) // Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift : Journal. - Sofia, Berlin: Pensoft & Museum für Naturkunde (Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin) , 2015 .-- Vol. 62, No. 1 . - P. 101-121 (04 Jun 2015). - ISSN 1860-1324 . - DOI : 10.3897 / dez.62.5093 .

[Xu2015-6] Xu, Z.-H. & Zhou, X. Species grouping and key to known species of the ant genus Echinopla Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with reports of Chinese species // Asian Myrmecology. - 2015. - Vol. 7. - P. 19-36.