The Hydatli Free Society is a political entity that existed on the territory of the Crash (present-day Dagestan ).
| Historical state | |
| Hydatli Free Society | |
|---|---|
| avar. Guide [1] | |
X-XI centuries - | |
| Languages) | Avar language [2] [1] |
| Religion | Islam ( Sunnism ) |
| Form of government | highland democracy |
Gidatl - a free voluntary (jamaat) society (an independent state formation, with a republican form of organization of public administration), consisting of 7 associations of rural communities:
Machada, Ghent, Aphids, Urada, Tidib, Hotoda, Nakitl, Khuchada.
Content
Etymology
There is no consensus on the origin of the name "Hyde" (Hydatlins) in folk etymology. There are various versions [3] :
- According to one version, the name comes from the Avar word "gyy", which means boiled grain (beans, corn, peas, wheat together).
- Another version says that the amazing beauty of the nature of the Hydatlinsky valley supposedly gave occasion to neighbors to compare figuratively to compare with the Gyinda Valley in India.
- According to the next version, the name "Guid" is considered to be going back to the Hindu word "Hyde", which in Hindi means freedom-loving, independent. It is believed that the freedom-loving nature and independent spirit of the Hydatlins caused this name.
- According to another version, the name "Guid" is an abbreviated Arabic word for "hyayd." Which means leadership, leadership, leadership. A kind of leading position of the Hydatlins among their neighbors was supposedly the reason for the appearance of such a name.
Geography
Gidatl is located on the territory of the current Shamil region . The main river is Gichinoor .
Administrative division
The free community of Gidatl consisted of eight villages: Ghent , Machad , Nakitl , Tidib , Tlyach , Urad , Khotoda and Khuchad .
History
Hydatlins, according to historical, toponic and ethnographic data, in ancient times lived in 25 settlements, spread over a vast ethnic territory. In the X-XI centuries. n e. in Gidatl, a process of compact residence, the merger of several small but well-fortified settlements and the formation of villages took place. So, for example, from 4 small settlements - Rosakh, Solo, Churda, Ritli and Shulata, the village of Choloda was formed (now the village of Machada). Thus, in due time, modern hydatlinsky villages arose, except for Khuchad and Nakitl [3] .
It is also known that people from Hydatl were originally founded with. Urib (Shamilsky district), with. Urukh-sota (Charodinsky district), with. Kulab (Gunibsky district), with. Kedi (Tsumadinsky district), with. Gidatli (Tlyarotinsky district) and with. Chirkey (Buinaksk district).
Gidatlinskaya land gave Dagestan the legendary Khochbar.
Gidatl is the birthplace of two Imams (Gazi Magomed and Shamil). It is known that their paternal ancestors came from Hydatl [4] .
The Hydatlins made a significant contribution to the defeat of the troops of Nadir Shah. In this regard, it should be noted that Ibrahim-Haji al Gidatli (great-grandfather on the paternal side of the first Imam of Dagestan, Gazi-Muhammad), using his enormous authority among the spiritual leaders of Dagestan, wrote 16 appeals to various accident societies. Thanks to this, all I6 Accident societies were mobilized into a single Avar militia and organizedly opposed the enemy, and this played a role in the victory over Nadir Shah. More than 300 people from Gidatlya died the death of the brave and became martyrs in the struggle for freedom and independence of Dagestan under the leadership of our illustrious imams against tsarist Russia .
Population
The population of Hydatl was mono-ethnic and monoconfessional. It was inhabited by Avars, professing Sunni Islam. The local Avars spoke in the Hydatli dialect of the Avar language. The earliest written information about the number of Hydatlins dates back to the second half of the 19th century. According to statistics on the Caucasus in 1864, there were 3458 people in Gidatl. And according to the statistical survey of the Dagestan region for 1903 - 4565 people. According to the 1989 census, 4992 people lived in the villages of Hydatli, and more than 5 thousand people lived outside of Hydatl [3] . Today, the total number of Hydatlins is approaching 15 thousand people.
Religion
Before the adoption of Islam, the Hydatlins professed Orthodox Christianity, which was brought in from Georgia. Islam was adopted by the Hydatlins from the first Muslim in Gidatl, Sheikh Hadji Udurat from s. Choloda (now the village of Machada ) in 1475-76
At present, the names of more than 80 large and well-known Arab scholars from Hydatl XVI - beginning XX centuries
In Gidatl, there are 33 ziarats of the holy fathers of Islam - 13 vali and 20 sheikhs [5] .
Guidel in Art
Gidatl (Khotoda aul) was the birthplace of the brave abrek Khochbar - the protagonist of The Legend of Khochbar (published in the Collection of Information about the Caucasian Highlanders in 1870), based on which the first Dagestan national opera Khochbar was staged in 1937, Rasul Gamzatov wrote the poem “The Legend of Khochbar ” (published in 1975), and Askhab Abakarov directed the film “The Legend of the Brave Khochbar ” in 1984. The plot node of all these works is the independence of Gidatl.
Links
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Hydatl
- ↑ Hydatl: historical studies. Page 29
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of Hydatl
- ↑ IbrahImkhalil Butaev Lotos Publishing House Lotos Makhachkala, 2013 BBK (= Sham) 63.3 (2P-6D) UDC 94 (470.67) B-93 B-93 butaev I.Ch. Gidatl: Historical studies. - Makhachkala: Publishing House . libed.ru. Date of treatment January 19, 2017.
- ↑ Islam in Gidatl