The Abe clan ( Jap. 倍 倍 э Abe-uji , later 安 倍 Abe-si ) [1] is one of the oldest Japanese clans, considered one of the first clans of the Yamato people . Ancestor of the clan is Prince Ohiko-no-mikoto , son of Emperor Kogen [2] [3] . From the period of Asuka (538–710) and in the Nara period (710–794), members of the Abe clan occupied high positions, became ministerial-level officials, and during the Heian period (794–1185), the clan gained wide popularity, which it retained during Sangoku periods (XV —XVII century) and Edo (1603–1868).
Rod Abe | |
---|---|
阿 倍 氏 / 安 倍 氏 | |
Ancestor | Ohiko-no-mikoto |
Content
History
In 658-660, General Abe-no Hirafu fought with Amis in campaigns in the eastern and northern parts of Japan, and in 661 he led an expedition to Korea. In 663, Yamato supported the state of Paekche in the war with Silla , Abe-no Hirafu led a 30,000-strong squad in the battle of the Paekkan , in which Yamato and Paekche on the one hand participated, Tang and Silla on the other [4] [5] .
In the Enryak or Konin era (late VIII or early IX century), the clan was renamed from 阿 倍 氏 to 安 倍 氏, while the name in Russian did not change, as the reading remained the same [1] .
In the 9th century, Yamato captured the emisi lands, the Abe clan was assigned to these lands as overseers to control local residents, and as a result, the emisi were assimilated and became a mixture of former emis with Japanese immigrants (Yamato). The Abe clan, taking advantage of its position, took control of the so-called Roku-oku-gun, six districts located in the center of the modern Iwate prefecture near the Kitakami River.
According to the Udziyui Monogatari , the Abe clan led rebellious samurai in the Zenkunen war between 1051 and 1062 and fought with government forces led by Minamoto-no Yoriyoshi and Minamoto-no Yoshiye . Abe no Yoritoki , who heads six counties in the province of Mutsu , who considered the defeat inevitable, crossed the sea with about two dozen local residents and reached Kokoku (Hu-go, that is, the country of "eastern barbarians"). There, however, they met a detachment of armed men, and Abe-no Yoritoki decided to return. Soon he was killed in a battle by a stray arrow and the fight against government forces was continued by his son Sadato . A few years later, Sadato was killed, and his younger brother Munetho was captured and taken to the island of Shikoku , where he later allegedly became a monk. This story may indicate the penetration of the Ainu in the mouth of the Amur and their contacts with the Jurchen [6] .
However, in another historical monument “The Tale of Yoshitsune ”, the story of Abe no Yoritoki is presented differently: during his lifetime (in the source - “the ruler of Abe Gon but Kami”) “came to the capital every year and never incurred the sovereign’s displeasure” , and the war of many years began after his death. In one of the ensuing battles, "dressed in red-orange silk Abe Sadato fell on the plain of Idate", and "his younger brother Munet was taken prisoner" [7] .
Prominent Representatives
- Abe-no Hirafu , also known as Abe-no Omi, General Yamato (575-664), Governor of Koshi Province.
- Abe-no Seimei (921-1005), a semi-legendary Japanese mystic who practiced omdo
- Abe-no Yoritoki (? -1057), son of Abe-no Tadayoshi, ruler of six counties in the province of Mutsu.
- Abe no Sadato (1019-1062), Yoritoki's eldest son
- Abe no Muneto (1032-1108), the younger brother of the previous one
- Abe Masakatsu (1541–1600), vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu .
- Abe Masatsugu (1569-1647), the eldest son of the previous, a vassal of the Tokugawa clan.
- Abe Masahiro (1819-1857), the 11th head of the Abe clan, the 7th ruler of Fukuyama Khan
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Teikoku-denmo.jp. - 265. 天 ・ 地 ・ 人 ── 日本 の 「國 α を 紡 い き 三位 一 の
- ↑ Kanichi Asakawa (朝 河 貫 一). The Early Institutional Life of Japan .
- ↑ э С 関 ки . 関 ヤ . 体 体:: 十 十 物 物 物 体 物 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 家 .
- ↑ Fushigi Nippon. - Sino-Japanese Relations
- ↑ Shogunate. - Biographies A
- ↑ Taksami, Kosarev, 1990 , p. 17
- ↑ Taksami, Kosarev, 1990 , p. 18.
Literature
- Taxi Ch. M. , Kosarev V. D. Who are you, Ainu ?. - M .: Thought, 1990. - 318 p. - 30 000 copies - ISBN 5-244-00431-X .