Cooler ( English akande, akandi, kande, korom boye, tof ) is the language of the West Chadian branch of the Chadian family [2] , widespread in central Nigeria : in the adjacent territories of the Plateau state (in its western part - the Bokkos region ) and the state of Nasarawa (in its eastern part) [1] [3] . The range of the cooler language in the north borders on the ranges of languages (according to other sources, the ranges of dialects of the Ron language), shaguwa , Duffo butura and bokos , in the east and southeast it borders on the ranges of the Western Chad languages Chakfem and Kofyar , in the south - on the ranges of Benue Congolese languages bo-rukul and mother . In the west, the range of languages of the Benue-Congolese family of Nungu , Bu and Khash adjoins the language range of the cooler, and in the northwest are the areas of closely related languages of the Ron Sha and Mundat groups. Inside the range of the cooler, the island area of the Benue-Congolese language is located by the choir [4] [5] [6] [7] .
| Cooler | |
|---|---|
| Country | Nigeria |
| Regions | Plateau |
| Total number of speakers | about 15 600 people [one] |
| Classification | |
| Category | African languages |
Afrasian macro family
| |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | kul |
| Ethnologue | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
The number of speakers of the cooler language is about 15 600 people (1990) [1] . According to the Joshua Project website, the size of the cooler ethnic group is 24,000 people [8] . Most native speakers of the cooler are Christians , part of the cooler adheres to traditional beliefs, there are also Muslim groups.
In the classification of the Afrasian languages of the British linguist Roger Blench , the cooler language belongs to the ron language group [2] . Also, the cooler language is assigned to the ron group in the classification published by S. A. Burlak and S. A. Starostin “Comparative Historical Linguistics” [9] , in the classification of Czech linguist Václav Blažek [10] , as well as in the classification of Chadian languages in an article by V. Ya. Porhomovsky “Chadian Languages” published in a linguistic encyclopedic dictionary [11] . The closest languages are Ron (Chala) , Duffo-Butura , Bokos , Shaguwa , Sha , Karf , Mundat , Fier and Tambas . In the classification presented in the Ethnologue World Languages Directory, the cooler language is included in the number of languages of the ron subgroup A4 of group A of the West Chadian branch itself [12] .
The following dialects are distinguished: kamwai-marchai ( eng. Kamwai-marhai ) [13] , richa (eng. Richa ) [14] and tof (eng. Tof ) [15] .
Notes
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kulere. A language of Nigeria . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th Edition) (2013). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ 1 2 Blench, Roger. The Afro-Asiatic Languages. Classification and Reference List ( pdf) P. 5. Cambridge: Roger Blench Website. Publications (2006). Archived May 23, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Porhomovsky V. Ya. Ron Languages // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
- ↑ Blench, Roger. Roger Blench: Ron opening page Roger Blench Website. - Map of the languages of the ron group. Archived July 10, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Nigeria, Map 2 . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th Edition) (2013). Archived July 10, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Nigeria, Map 3 . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th Edition) (2013). Archived June 30, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Nigeria, Map 7 . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th Edition) (2013). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Kulere, Korom Boye of Nigeria . Joshua Project. Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Burlak S. A. , Starostin S. A. Appendix 1. Genetic classification of world languages. Afrasian (= Semitochamite) languages // Comparative-historical linguistics. - M .: Academy , 2005 .-- S. 338—341. - ISBN 5-7695-1445-0 . (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Blažek, Václav. Jazyky Afriky v přehledu genetické klasifikace. Čadské jazyky (Czech) (pdf) P. 12. Masarykova univerzita . Filozofická fakulta (2009). Archived on June 7, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Porhomovsky V. Ya. Chad Languages // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
- ↑ West. Chadic Ethnologue: Languages of the World (17th Edition) (2013). Archived July 5, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Kamwai-Marhai of Kulere (English) . MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Richa of Kulere . MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- ↑ Tof of Kulere . MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
Links
- Kulere (English) . MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- Blench, Roger. Ron comparative wordlist (pdf). Roger Blench Website. Archived July 10, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)
- OLAC resources in and about the Kulere language . OLAC: Open Language Archives Community. Archived July 11, 2013. (Retrieved July 5, 2013)