Ryzhkov, Semen Martynovich

From the peasants of the village of Ternovka, Pavlograd district, Yekaterinoslav province . Orthodox religion. He graduated from the city school, and then nautical classes. Served as a skipper on various vessels.

Teacher

Later he worked as a national teacher in Pavlograd and Slavyanoserbsky counties .

Among the students of the Vasilyevsky Zemstvo School, where S. M. Ryzhkov taught, in 1893-1895. was Clement Voroshilov . Marshal's biographers claim that this teacher had a decisive influence on him ^[1] . This version goes back to the memoirs of K. Ye. Voroshilov himself:

The last of them [teachers], S. M. Ryzhkov, turned out to be an excellent teacher and educator. S.M. sincerely fell in love with me, and in the family of the teacher I became my close one. S. M. Ryzhkov, subsequently a member of the I State. Duma and her second secretary (the Trudovik), was a smart, honest, cheerful person with a highly developed social instinct. When I was in school, at the age of 14-15, I began to read classics and books on natural science issues under the guidance of S. M. and then I began to see clearly about religion ^[2] .

In the late 1890s, Ryzhkov was secretary of the Society of Learners and Teachers, who assisted teachers in need. In 1898, the police searched Ryzhkov because of his close contact with the Bolshevik Voroshilov ^[3] . In 1903, by order of the member of the Council of the Minister of the Interior, General P. I. Tomich , during the last revision of the Slavyanoserbsky district zemstvo, he was deprived of the right to teach along with 12 more district teachers. The reason was that 80 rubles were sent to one of the members of the mutual aid teachers' cash desk to Paris, which was regarded as an act of support for the revolutionary movement ^[4] . In 1904, after the death of V. K. Plehve, he was re-employed as a teacher. The organizer of the Sunday school and circles of self-education. Head of the school at the Gartman plants in Lugansk . Consisted of the chairman of the parent committee of the female gymnasium.

Politician

By conviction, a non-partisan progressivist ^[4] , belonged to the “People's Freedom” party ^[5] .

April 16, 1906 was elected to the State Duma of the first convocation of the general composition of the electors of the Yekaterinoslav provincial electoral assembly. He was a member of the Labor Group , a member of its Temporary and Permanent Committees. Comrade Secretary of the State Duma. Secretary of the Commission for Civil Equality. Commissioner:

• commission for the preparation of addresses,
• Commission on the study of unauthorized actions of officials
• financial commission.

Signed a statement on the formation of a commission to investigate the crimes of officials. He spoke during the debate:

• to the return address
• on the formation of local agrarian committees,
• on civil equality,
• by order
• about the Bialystok pogrom.

July 10, 1906 in the city of Vyborg signed the " Vyborg Appeal " and was convicted under Art. 129, part 1, pp. 51 and 3 of the Criminal Code ^[6] , sentenced to 3 months in prison and deprived of the right to be elected.

During the First World War, he was patriotic because of this, he broke off relations with the Bolshevik K. Voroshilov. After the February Revolution, the secretary of the Peasant Union in Lugansk ^[3] .

Expat

During the Civil War he headed the Nikolaev shipyards ^[7] .

In December 1919, the family of SM Ryzhkov, consisting of nine people, moved to a small fishing boat from Nikolaev to Odessa. Son Ryzhkov fought in the White Army. Semyon Martynovich himself was not with his family, apparently, he reunited with her later ^[8] .

In 1923, S. M. Ryzhkov at the organizing committee of the Congress of Workers of the Middle and Lower Russian School abroad held in Prague. He made a report “Calligraphy as a subject of school teaching” ^[9] . In 1933, Semyon Martynovich Ryzhkov sent a letter, poisoned from Prague again, to the Russian Foreign Historical Archive ^[10] . In 1933 ^[11] published in the newspaper " Latest News " a memoir story about meetings with K. Voroshilov.

Until retirement he was in charge of a library in a Russian gymnasium ^[7] .

According to the memoirs of K. Voroshilov, S. M. Ryzhkov died as a member of the Czechoslovak Communist Party ^[12] , after World War II in 1950 ^[13] .

The family has 8 children. Among them:

• Daughter - Valentina, her godfather was KE Voroshilov, in exile in Czechoslovakia, from 1948 in the USA, for her husband behind Viktor Viktorovich Chelishchev (05.05.1906—26.12.1997), son of the chairman of the Moscow Judicial Chamber in 1917, Viktor Nikolaevich Chelishchev (1870-1952), American architect. ^{[8] [13]} .

• Ryzhkov S. Voenmornarkom Voroshilov // Latest news. Paris, 1933. - №№ 4510, 4513, 4517.

• State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. B. Yu. Ivanov, A. A. Komzolov, I. S. Ryakhovskaya. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008. p. 117.
• Boiyovich M.M. Members of the State Duma (Portraits and Biographies). First convocation. M .: Type. Partnership I. D. Sytin. 1906 p. 105.
• First State Duma. Alphabetical list and detailed biographies and characteristics of members of the State Duma. - M .: Type. Partnership I. D. Sytin, 1906. - 175 p.
• State Duma of the first draft. Portraits, brief biographies and characteristics of the deputies. - Moscow: Revival, 1906. C. 112.
• D. Kolesnichenko. Composition of the Labor Group in the I and II State Dumas: Summary table of faction members. M, 1988. P. 46-47.
• Russian State Historical Archive. Fond 1278. Inventory 1 (1st convocation). Case 80. Sheet 6; Fund 1327. Inventory 1.1905 year. Case 141. Sheet 70 turnover.