Soyuz-M ( GUKOS index - 11A511M , “ M ” - modernized ) is a Soviet three -stage medium-class launch vehicle from the P-7 family . The Soyuz-M launch vehicle was developed and manufactured in the Kuibyshev branch No. 3 of OKB-1 (now TsSKB-Progress ) under the leadership of Dmitry Ilyich Kozlov and Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov [2] .
| RN 11A511M Soyuz-M | |
|---|---|
| General information | |
| A country |  the USSR |
| Family | R-7A |
| Index | 11A511M |
| Appointment | booster |
| Developer | OKB-1 , TsSKB-Progress |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB-Progress |
| Main characteristics | |
| Number of steps | 3 |
| Length (with GP) | 50 m [1] |
| Diameter | 10.303 m |
| Dry weight | 33.75 t (with payload) |
| Starting weight | 307.65 t |
| Cast weight | 7.1 t |
| Type of fuel | T1 + LOX |
| Fuel mass | 273.90 t |
| Payload | Zenit-4MT Orion |
| Launch history | |
| condition | operation completed |
| Launch locations | Plesetsk (spaceport) , platforms No. 41/1 and No. 43/4 |
| Number of starts | eight |
| • successful | eight |
| First start | December 27, 1971 |
| Last run | March 31, 1976 |
The Soyuz-M launch vehicle is a modification of the Soyuz launch vehicle and was designed to launch Zenit-4MT military reconnaissance spacecraft of the Cosmos series into circular orbit [2] [1] .
Creation History
Work on the creation of the Soyuz-M rocket was carried out at TsSKB-Progress in 1968-1970 under the leadership of Dmitry Ilyich Kozlov. Initially, the Soyuz-M launch vehicle was developed to launch military modifications of the Soyuz spacecraft , namely Soyuz 7K-VI , developed by TsSKB-Progress . [one]
After the closure of the program for the development of the 7K-VI spacecraft in 1968, it was decided to continue the development of the launch vehicle, but for another military research version of the Soyuz space complex - Soyuz 7K-S , developed by OKB-1 . Then the military use of the 7K-S was abandoned (the test program was fully implemented, albeit with great delays) in favor of the more promising series of heavy orbital spacecraft TKS ( Transport Supply Ship ) developed by OKB-52 . [one]
After the closure of the programs for military modifications of the Soyuz spacecraft, the carrier rockets manufactured at that time were converted for the possibility of launching Zenit-4MT Orion reconnaissance satellites (index 11F629), developed by the same TsSKB-Progress . Zenit-4MT Orion - was developed as a special version of the Zenit-4M spacecraft, designed for topographic surveys . [one]
List of all Soyuz-M launch vehicle launches
With the help of 11A511M, eight spacecraft of the Zenith-4M Orion type were launched. In total, 8 successful launches were made from 1971 to 1976 [2] [1] .
All launches of the Soyuz-M launch vehicle were carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome , from launch sites No. 41/1 and No. 43/4 . [3]
| List of launches of the Soyuz-M launch vehicle [3] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Launch Number | Date ( UTC ) | PH number | Payload | QC type | NSSDC ID | SCD | Launch complex | Result | ||
| one | December 27, 1971 10:04 UTC | U15000-001 | Cosmos-470 | Zenit-4MT | 1971-118A | 05727 | Plesetsk Square 41/1 | Success | ||
| 2 | July 13, 1972 10:30 UTC | X15000-002 | Cosmos-502 | Zenit-4MT | 1972-055A | 06105 | Plesetsk Square 43/4 | Success | ||
| 3 | December 27, 1972 06:30 UTC | S15000-003 | Cosmos-541 | Zenit-4MT | 1972-105A | 06326 | Plesetsk Square 41/1 | Success | ||
| four | June 27, 1973 07:50 UTC | X15000-004 | Cosmos-576 | Zenit-4MT | 1973-044A | 06713 | Plesetsk Square 41/1 | Success | ||
| five | December 17, 1973 08:00 UTC | 7604382-5 | Cosmos-616 | Zenit-4MT | 1973-102A | 06979 | Plesetsk Square 41/1 | Success | ||
| 6 | June 29, 1974 08:50 UTC | 7602983-7 | Cosmos 664 | Zenit-4MT | 1974-049A | 07351 | Plesetsk Square 43/4 | Success | ||
| 7 | November 4, 1974 06:40 UTC | 7602983-6 | Cosmos-693 | Zenit-4MT | 1974-088A | 07509 | Plesetsk Square 41/4 | Success | ||
| eight | March 31, 1976 08:50 UTC | 7602983-8 | Cosmos-811 | Zenit-4MT | 1976-030A | 08781 | Plesetsk Square 41/4 | Success | ||
See also
- Union (booster)
- Soyuz-L (launch vehicle)
- R-7 (family of launch vehicles)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Encyclopedia Astronautica .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Samara steps of the Seven, 2011 , p. 94-95.
- ↑ 1 2 Gunter's space page .
Literature
- Kirilin A.N. , Akhmetov R.N. , Tyulevin S.V. , Tkachenko S.I. Samara steps "Sevens" . - Samara : Agni, 2011 .-- 256 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89850-163-1 .
Articles
- Varfolomeev T. , Lebedev V. “Seven” for the third satellite // Cosmonautics News . - No. 10, 2008 .
Links
- Soyuz 11A511M (English) . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Date of treatment May 3, 2013. Archived on September 2, 2013.
- Soyuz-M (11A511M) Gunter's space page. Date of treatment May 3, 2013. Archived on September 2, 2013.